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arXiv 2405.04571hep-thgr-qc
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虫洞与黑洞动力学玩具模型中的时间演化

Null states and time evolution in a toy model of black hole dynamics

University of California, Santa Barbara(加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校);University of Warsaw(华沙大学);University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign(伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校)

Xi Dong, Maciej Kolanowski, Xiaoyi Liu, Donald Marolf, Zhencheng Wang

AI总结:

研究通过时间演化简单拓扑引力模型,发现非微扰效应可显著改变微扰预期,尤其在小N情况下,通用算符插入导致非微扰时间演化与微扰预期差异显著。

摘要:

时空虫洞可以为引力路径积分提供非微扰贡献,使引力系统中的实际状态数$e^S$远小于由微扰半经典有效场论预测的状态数$e^{S_{\mathrm{p}}}$。这些影响在系统物理中自然深刻,特别是在微扰描述主动涉及可能的$e^{S_{\mathrm{p}}}$微扰状态$N = O(e^S)$的情况下;例如,在黑洞蒸发晚期阶段。此类情境通常与非平凡量子极值表面的存在相关。然而,通过迫使一个简单的拓扑引力模型随时间演化,我们发现这些影响对$N\ll e^S$(此时无法产生量子极值表面)也能产生显著影响。特别是,即使对于小的$N$,将通用算符插入路径积分中,也会使非微扰时间演化与微扰预期产生剧烈差异。另一方面,这种差异在插入算符仅在维度$D \ll e^S$的子空间中非平凡的情况下较小。因此,我们详细研究了后者情况。我们还讨论了对更现实的引力系统可能的含义。

英文摘要:

Spacetime wormholes can provide non-perturbative contributions to the gravitational path integral that make the actual number of states $e^S$ in a gravitational system much smaller than the number of states $e^{S_{\mathrm{p}}}$ predicted by perturbative semiclassical effective field theory. The effects on the physics of the system are naturally profound in contexts in which the perturbative description actively involves $N = O(e^S)$ of the possible $e^{S_{\mathrm{p}}}$ perturbative states; e.g., in late stages of black hole evaporation. Such contexts are typically associated with the existence of non-trivial quantum extremal surfaces. However, by forcing a simple topological gravity model to evolve in time, we find that such effects can also have large impact for $N\ll e^S$ (in which case no quantum extremal surfaces can arise). In particular, even for small $N$, the insertion of generic operators into the path integral can cause the non-perturbative time evolution to differ dramatically from perturbative expectations. On the other hand, this discrepancy is small for the special case where the inserted operators are non-trivial only in a subspace of dimension $D \ll e^S$. We thus study this latter case in detail. We also discuss potential implications for more realistic gravitational systems.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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