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arXiv 2601.03356hep-thgr-qc
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黑洞热力学在null无穷远处。第二部分:开放系统、马尔可夫动力学和从非旋转黑洞中提取功

Black hole thermodynamics at null infinity. Part 2: Open systems, Markovian dynamics and work extraction from non-rotating black holes

Université de Lorraine(洛林大学);Université de Mons – UMONS(蒙斯大学)

Antoine Rignon-Bret, Matthieu Vilatte

AI总结:

本文探讨了黑洞热力学与开放量子系统热力学的联系,通过马尔可夫动力学揭示了从非旋转黑洞中提取功的机制。

摘要:

黑洞热力学提供了一个独特的环境,使广义相对论、量子场论和统计力学交汇。在 semiclassical 重力中,这种相互作用最终导致广义第二定律(GSL),其现代证明依赖于应用于定义在 null 超曲面上的可观测代数的信息理论技术。这些证明在结构上与由马尔可夫动力学支配的开放量子系统的热力学密切相关。在本工作中,我们 drew parallels 量子场在由非扩展因果视界边界区域的动态和开放量子系统的热力学。我们引入了一本词典,将晚期时间边界条件与选择的储罐、真空态与动态的固定点、模哈密顿量与热力学势联系起来。基于一篇关于未来 null 无穷远处双重广义第二定律的 companion paper 的结果,我们显示了出现在相关热力学势中的附加项可以自然解释为工作贡献。我们证明了某些非热真空态在 null 无穷远处允许自主热机的操作,并能从辐射中提取功。扩展分析到施瓦茨希尔德和克尔背景下的乌尔赫真空,我们得到包含灰体效应和角动量通量的广义大势类型定律。总体而言,我们的结果澄清了黑洞动态的热力学描述,并将其置于更广泛的开放量子热力学框架中。

英文摘要:

Black hole thermodynamics provides a unique setting in which general relativity, quantum field theory, and statistical mechanics converge. In semiclassical gravity, this interplay culminates in the generalized second law (GSL), whose modern proofs rely on information theoretic techniques applied to algebras of observables defined on null hypersurfaces. These proofs exhibit close structural parallels with the thermodynamics of open quantum systems governed by Markovian dynamics. In this work, we draw parallels between the dynamics of quantum fields in regions bounded by non expanding causal horizons and the thermodynamics of quantum systems weakly coupled to equilibrium reservoirs. We introduce a dictionary relating late time boundary conditions to the choice of reservoir, vacuum states to fixed points of the dynamics, and modular Hamiltonians to thermodynamic potentials. Building on results from a companion paper on dual generalized second laws at future null infinity, we show that additional terms appearing in the associated thermodynamic potentials admit a natural interpretation as work contributions. We demonstrate that certain non thermal vacuum states at null infinity allow for the operation of autonomous thermal engines and enable work extraction from the radiation. Extending the analysis to the Unruh vacuum in Schwarzschild and Kerr backgrounds, we obtain generalized grand potential type laws incorporating grey body effects and angular momentum fluxes. Altogether, our results clarify the thermodynamic description of black hole dynamics and place it within the broader framework of open quantum thermodynamics.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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