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arXiv 2311.04865cs.DS
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线性时间计算 $5$-边连通分量

Computing the $5$-Edge-Connected Components in Linear Time

Evangelos Kosinas

AI总结:

本文提出线性时间确定性算法计算无向多重图的 $5$-边连通分量,核心是支持至多四条边故障的常数时间连通性预言机及对纠缠 $4$-边割的新结构分析。

摘要:

我们提出了一种确定性算法,可在线性时间内计算无向多重图的 $5$-边连通分量。此前或许已有充分迹象表明这一计算能够在线性时间内完成,但在本工作之前实际上并不存在这样的算法。因此,本文回答了一个理论问题,并揭示了针对一般 $k$ 存在解决方案的可能性。我们算法的一个关键组成部分是一个预言机,用于在至多四条边发生故障时回答顶点对的连通性查询。具体而言,该预言机大小为 $O(n)$,可在线性时间内构造,并且能在最坏情况下常数时间内回答至多四条边发生故障时的连通性查询,其中 $n$ 表示图的顶点数。我们指出,这一结果本身也具有独立的研究价值。本文可视为近期关于在线性时间内计算 $4$-边连通分量的工作的后续。然而,在处理 $5$-边连通分量的计算时,我们面临着处理较低连通性时不会出现的独特挑战。问题在于,$3$-边连通图中的 $4$-边割以各种复杂方式相互纠缠,使其难以被紧凑地组织。本文对这些割给出了一种新颖分析,揭示了多种有趣结构的存在。可以利用这些结构来梳理并仅收集那些在计算 $5$-边连通分量时必不可少的割。该分析或许能为 $k$-边连通分量的一般解决方案或其他相关图连通性问题提供线索。

英文摘要:

We provide a deterministic algorithm for computing the $5$-edge-connected components of an undirected multigraph in linear time. There were probably good indications that this computation can be performed in linear time, but no such algorithm was actually known prior to this work. Thus, our paper answers a theoretical question, and sheds light on the possibility that a solution may exist for general $k$. A key component in our algorithm is an oracle for answering connectivity queries for pairs of vertices in the presence of at most four edge-failures. Specifically, the oracle has size $O(n)$, it can be constructed in linear time, and it answers connectivity queries in the presence of at most four edge-failures in worst-case constant time, where $n$ denotes the number of vertices of the graph. We note that this is a result of independent interest. Our paper can be considered as a follow-up of recent work on computing the $4$-edge-connected components in linear time. However, in dealing with the computation of the $5$-edge-connected components, we are faced with unique challenges that do not appear when dealing with lower connectivity. The problem is that the $4$-edge cuts in $3$-edge-connected graphs are entangled in various complicated ways, that make it difficult to organize them in a compact way. Here we provide a novel analysis of those cuts, that reveals the existence of various interesting structures. These can be exploited so that we can disentangle and collect only those cuts that are essential in computing the $5$-edge-connected components. This analysis may provide a clue for a general solution for the $k$-edge-connected components, or other related graph connectivity problems.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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