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arXiv 2306.04080astro-ph.EPastro-ph.IM
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基于可观测先验的直接成像伴星轨道偏心率:对星族分布的启示

The Orbital Eccentricities of Directly Imaged Companions Using Observable-Based Priors: Implications for Population-level Distributions

Clarissa R. Do Ó, Kelly K. O'Neil, Quinn M. Konopacky, Tuan Do, Gregory D. Martinez, Jean-Baptiste Ruffio, Andrea M. Ghez

AI总结:

本研究采用基于可观测的先验框架拟合21颗直接成像系外行星与褐矮星的轨道,得到近似平坦的偏心率星族分布,明确了有效后验所需的最小轨道覆盖度,为理解亚恒星伴星形成提供约束。

摘要:

亚恒星伴星的偏心率是追溯其形成历史的重要示踪量。直接成像伴星的偏心率通常约束较差。近期开发的一种名为“observable-based priors(基于可观测的先验)”的轨道拟合先验框架,优势在于能够改善相位覆盖极少的天体(绝大多数直接成像伴星均属此类)的轨道参数推导偏差。我们采用基于可观测的先验拟合21颗系外行星和褐矮星的轨道,旨在获取偏差最小化的偏心率分布。我们给出了各天体的后验分布,并与此前推导的分布进行对比,结果显示多数情况下分布向更低偏心率偏移。我们在星族层面分析了这些伴星的偏心率分布,并将其与传统均匀先验得到的分布进行比较。我们用Beta分布拟合基于可观测先验得到的后验结果,得到形状参数$α= 1.09^{+0.30}_{-0.22}$、$β= 1.42^{+0.33}_{-0.25}$,表明偏心率近似呈平坦分布。推导得到的$α$和$β$参数与均匀先验得到的数值一致,不过均匀先验会在高偏心率处产生一个尾部。我们发现,将星族划分为大质量和小质量伴星时,得到的分布会因中等质量天体的分类方式不同而存在差异。我们还通过模拟确定,在针对直接成像行星的假设下,得到有意义后验所需的最小轨道覆盖度约为推断轨道周期的15%。

英文摘要:

The eccentricity of a sub-stellar companion is an important tracer of its formation history. Directly imaged companions often present poorly constrained eccentricities. A recently developed prior framework for orbit fitting called ''observable-based priors'' has the advantage of improving biases in derived orbit parameters for objects with minimal phase coverage, which is the case for the majority of directly imaged companions. We use observable-based priors to fit the orbits of 21 exoplanets and brown dwarfs in an effort to obtain the eccentricity distributions with minimized biases. We present the objects' individual posteriors compared to their previously derived distributions, showing in many cases a shift toward lower eccentricities. We analyze the companions' eccentricity distribution at a population level, and compare this to the distributions obtained with the traditional uniform priors. We fit a Beta distribution to our posteriors using observable-based priors, obtaining shape parameters $α= 1.09^{+0.30}_{-0.22}$ and $β= 1.42^{+0.33}_{-0.25}$. This represents an approximately flat distribution of eccentricities. The derived $α$ and $β$ parameters are consistent with the values obtained using uniform priors, though uniform priors lead to a tail at high eccentricities. We find that separating the population into high and low mass companions yields different distributions depending on the classification of intermediate mass objects. We also determine via simulation that the minimal orbit coverage needed to give meaningful posteriors under the assumptions made for directly imaged planets is $\approx$ 15% of the inferred period of the orbit.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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