Discovery of a directly imaged planet to the young solar analog YSES 2
Alexander J. Bohn, Christian Ginski, Matthew A. Kenworthy, Eric E. Mamajek, Mark J. Pecaut, Markus Mugrauer, Nikolaus Vogt, Christian Adam, Tiffany Meshkat, Mad… 展开作者
Alexander J. Bohn, Christian Ginski, Matthew A. Kenworthy, Eric E. Mamajek, Mark J. Pecaut, Markus Mugrauer, Nikolaus Vogt, Christian Adam, Tiffany Meshkat, Maddalena Reggiani, Frans Snik
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Accepted for publication in A&A (15 pages, 7 figures, 5 tables)
Abbreviated. By selecting stars with similar ages and masses, the Young Suns Exoplanet Survey (YSES) aims to detect and characterize planetary-mass companions to solar-type host stars in the Scorpius-Centaurus association. Our survey is carried out with VLT/SPHERE with short exposure sequences on the order of 5 min per star per filter. The subtraction of the stellar point spread function (PSF) is based on reference star differential imaging (RDI) using the other targets in the survey in combination with principal component analysis. We report the discovery of YSES 2b, a planetary-mass companion to the K1 star YSES 2 (TYC 8984-2245-1). The primary has a Gaia EDR3 distance of 110 pc, and we derive a revised mass of $1.1\,M_\odot$ and an age of approximately 14 Myr. We detect the companion in two observing epochs southwest of the star at a position angle of 205$^\circ$ and with a separation of $\sim1.05''$, which translates to a minimum physical separation of 115 au at the distance of the system. We derive a photometric planet mass of $6.3^{+1.6}_{-0.9}\,M_\mathrm{Jup}$ using AMES-COND and AMES-dusty evolutionary models; this mass corresponds to a mass ratio of $q=(0.5\pm0.1)$% with the primary. This is the lowest mass ratio of a direct imaging planet around a solar-type star to date. We discuss potential formation mechanisms and find that the current position of the planet is compatible with formation by disk gravitational instability, but its mass is lower than expected from numerical simulations. Formation via core accretion must have occurred closer to the star, yet we do not find evidence that supports the required outward migration, such as via scattering off another undiscovered companion in the system. YSES 2b is an ideal target for follow-up observations to further the understanding of the physical and chemical formation mechanisms of wide-orbit Jovian planets.
Revealing the Vertical Cloud Structure of a young low-mass Brown Dwarf, an analog to the beta-Pictoris b directly-imaged exoplanet, through Keck I/MOSFIRE spectro-photometric variability
年轻的褐矮星类似于巨大的系外行星,因为它们共享有效温度,近红外颜色和表面重力。因此,对年轻褐矮星的详细描述可能会为巨型系外行星的研究提供帮助,我们目前无法以足够的信噪比观察它们的大气层。2 MASS J22081363+2921215是一颗年轻的L3褐矮星,属于β-Pica-b年轻移动群(2300万年+/-300万年),与β-Pica-b巨型系外行星共享其有效温度和质量。我们用安装在凯克I望远镜上的MOSFIRE多目标摄谱仪对2 MASS J22081363+2921215进行了约2.5小时的J波段分光光度监测。我们测得其J波段光变曲线的最小变异幅度为3.22 +/-0.42%。2 MASS J22081363+2921215的最大和最小通量谱之间的比率显示出弱的波长依赖性和潜在的增强的变化幅度在碱性线。进一步分析表明,碱性线上的变异幅度高于整体变异幅度(4.5- 11%,取决于线)。如果我们将原始MOSFIRE光谱的分辨率降低到R~100,则这些谱线中的可变性幅度较低,这解释了为什么先前在HST/WFC 3光变曲线中没有发现这种潜在的碱性谱线增强的可变性。使用辐射传输模型,我们得到了不同的云层,可能会引入分光光度变化,我们观察到2 MASS J22081363+2921215,进一步支持测量增强的变化幅度在碱性线。我们提供了一个艺术的娱乐垂直云结构的β-Picadium b类似物…
Detecting Exomoons Via Doppler Monitoring of Directly Imaged Exoplanets
最近,Teachey,Kipping和Schmitt(2018)报告了在开普勒领域的一颗巨行星周围探测到一颗候选系外卫星,暂时命名为Kepler-1625 b I。这颗候选系外卫星的大小和质量与海王星相当,比我们太阳系中的任何一颗卫星都要大得多,如果得到证实,它将成为新一类巨型卫星或双行星中的第一颗。受开普勒-1625b行星和卫星系统中大质量比的启发,我们通过多普勒光谱研究了直接成像的系外行星周围类似大质量系外卫星的可探测性。开普勒-1625b周围的候选卫星将在其母行星上产生约200米/秒的径向速度信号,足够大,可以用当前或下一代仪器检测到直接成像的行星周围的类似卫星。除了寻找系外卫星,对直接成像的行星进行径向速度测量可以揭示行星自转轴的方向,从而有可能识别天王星类似物。
A Sulfur-Rich Atmosphere for the Young Jupiter Analog AF Lep b Reveals Significant Solid Accretion
University of California, Los Angeles(加州大学洛杉矶分校);Northwestern University(西北大学);University of California, Santa Cruz(加州大学圣克鲁兹分校);University of California, San Diego(加州大学圣迭戈分校);National Astronomical Observatory of Japan(日本国立天文台);European Southern Observatory(欧洲南方天文台);New Mexico State University(新墨西哥州立大学)
A Quiet Host in an Active Planet-Forming Disk: Optical Spectroscopy of WISPIT 2
Indian Institute of Astrophysics(印度天体物理研究所);European Southern Observatory(欧洲南方天文台);Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad(印度理工学院(印度矿业学院)丹巴德分校);Physical Research Laboratory(物理研究实验室);Tata Institute of Fundamental Research(塔塔基础研究所);Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano(米兰大学物理系)
Masses of Potentially Habitable Planets Characterized by the Habitable Worlds Observatory
The Ohio State University(俄亥俄州立大学);NASA Ames Research Center(美国宇航局艾姆斯研究中心);University of Arizona(亚利桑那大学);California Institute of Technology(加州理工学院);NASA Goddard Space Flight Center(美国宇航局戈达德太空飞行中心)
Evidence Against an Edge-On Disk Around the Extrasolar Planet 2MASS 1207 b and a New Thick Cloud Explanation for its Under-Luminosity
自从发现第一个直接成像的行星质量天体2 MASS 1207 b以来,有几项工作试图解释其观测到的温度和光度之间的差异。根据已知的年龄、距离和光谱型,2 MASS 1207 b的亮度比棕矮星/巨行星演化的标准模型低约10倍(约2.5 mags)。在本文中,我们研究了2 MASS 1207 b的低光度的三种可能的来源。首先,我们研究了Mohanty等人(2007)的假设,即一个近边盘可能是2 MASS 1207 b光度不足的原因。我们的结论是,该假设是不太可能的,因为缺乏可变性看到多历元测光和不必要的,由于越来越多的样本下发光的棕矮星/巨型系外行星,不能解释的边缘盘。接下来,我们测试了类似的可能性,即尘埃的球形壳可以解释2 MASS 1207 b的亮度不足。包含足够尘埃的模型可以产生约2.5 mags的消光,放置在合理的半径上,被我们新的Gemini/T-ReCS 2 MASS 1207 b的8.7微米光度上限排除在外。最后,我们研究了2 MASS 1207 b本质上比通常使用的AMES-DUSTY更冷的可能性,因此它实际上并不发光。Madhusudhan等人(2011年)新的厚云模型网格很好地拟合了2 MASS 1207 b的1-10微米SED,但它们并不完全符合其近红外光谱。然而,我们认为,通过一些“调整”,它们可能能够同时再现2 MASS 1207 b的光谱形状和光度。在这种情况…