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arXiv 2104.08285astro-ph.EPastro-ph.IMastro-ph.SR
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发现一颗直接成像于年轻太阳类似物YSES 2的行星

Discovery of a directly imaged planet to the young solar analog YSES 2

Alexander J. Bohn, Christian Ginski, Matthew A. Kenworthy, Eric E. Mamajek, Mark J. Pecaut, Markus Mugrauer, Nikolaus Vogt, Christian Adam, Tiffany Meshkat, Mad… 展开作者

Alexander J. Bohn, Christian Ginski, Matthew A. Kenworthy, Eric E. Mamajek, Mark J. Pecaut, Markus Mugrauer, Nikolaus Vogt, Christian Adam, Tiffany Meshkat, Maddalena Reggiani, Frans Snik

摘要:

缩写。通过选择具有相似年龄和质量的恒星,年轻太阳系外行星巡天(YSES)旨在探测和描述天蝎座-半人马座协会中太阳型宿主恒星的行星质量伴星。我们的调查是用VLT/SPHERE进行的,曝光时间短,每颗星每片滤光片5分钟。恒星点扩散函数(PSF)的扣除是基于参考星差分成像(RDI),使用调查中的其他目标结合主成分分析。我们发现了YSES 2b,它是K1恒星YSES 2(TYC 8984-2245-1)的行星质量伴星。主要的盖亚EDR 3距离为110 pc,我们推导出修正后的$1.1\,M_\odot$质量和年龄约为1400万年。我们发现的同伴在两个观测时代西南的恒星在一个位置角为205 $^\circ$和分离的$\sim1.05''$,这转化为一个最小的物理分离115 AU的距离系统。我们推导出一个测光行星质量的$6.3^{+1.6}_{-0.9}\,M_\mathrm{Jup}$使用AMES-COND和AMES-dusty演化模型,这个质量对应的质量比$q=(0.5\pm0.1)$ %的主要。这是迄今为止直接成像行星围绕太阳型恒星的最低质量比。我们讨论了潜在的形成机制,并发现行星的当前位置与磁盘引力不稳定性形成兼容,但其质量低于数值模拟的预期。通过核心吸积的形成必须发生在更靠近恒星的地方,但我们没有发现支持所需向外迁移的证据,例如通过散射系统中另一个未发现的同伴。YSES 2b是进一步了解宽轨道类木行星的物理和化学形成机制的后续观测的理想目标。

英文摘要:

Abbreviated. By selecting stars with similar ages and masses, the Young Suns Exoplanet Survey (YSES) aims to detect and characterize planetary-mass companions to solar-type host stars in the Scorpius-Centaurus association. Our survey is carried out with VLT/SPHERE with short exposure sequences on the order of 5 min per star per filter. The subtraction of the stellar point spread function (PSF) is based on reference star differential imaging (RDI) using the other targets in the survey in combination with principal component analysis. We report the discovery of YSES 2b, a planetary-mass companion to the K1 star YSES 2 (TYC 8984-2245-1). The primary has a Gaia EDR3 distance of 110 pc, and we derive a revised mass of $1.1\,M_\odot$ and an age of approximately 14 Myr. We detect the companion in two observing epochs southwest of the star at a position angle of 205$^\circ$ and with a separation of $\sim1.05''$, which translates to a minimum physical separation of 115 au at the distance of the system. We derive a photometric planet mass of $6.3^{+1.6}_{-0.9}\,M_\mathrm{Jup}$ using AMES-COND and AMES-dusty evolutionary models; this mass corresponds to a mass ratio of $q=(0.5\pm0.1)$% with the primary. This is the lowest mass ratio of a direct imaging planet around a solar-type star to date. We discuss potential formation mechanisms and find that the current position of the planet is compatible with formation by disk gravitational instability, but its mass is lower than expected from numerical simulations. Formation via core accretion must have occurred closer to the star, yet we do not find evidence that supports the required outward migration, such as via scattering off another undiscovered companion in the system. YSES 2b is an ideal target for follow-up observations to further the understanding of the physical and chemical formation mechanisms of wide-orbit Jovian planets.

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