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arXiv 2304.09264math.NT
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有理函数值集中的等比数列

Geometric progressions in the sets of values of rational functions

Maciej Ulas

AI总结:

本文研究有理函数值集中是否包含完整等比数列的问题,对一类齐次型次数差为1的有理函数给出充要条件,并通过椭圆曲线有理点对特定函数进行数值实验,提出若干猜想。

摘要:

设给定 $a, Q\in\mathbb{Q}$,考虑等比数列的项构成的集合 $\mathcal{G}(a, Q)=\{aQ^{i}:\\;i\in\mathbb{N}\}$,其中第 0 项等于 $a$,公比为 $Q$。设 $f\in\mathbb{Q}(x, y)$,$\mathcal{V}_{f}$ 为 $f$ 的有限值集合。我们考虑是否存在 $a, Q\in\mathbb{Q}$ 使得 $\mathcal{G}(a, Q)\subset\mathcal{V}_{f}$ 的问题。在本文的第一部分,我们描述了几类使该问题具有正解的有理函数。特别地,若 $f(x,y)=\frac{f_{1}(x,y)}{f_{2}(x,y)}$,其中 $f_{1}, f_{2}\in\mathbb{Z}[x,y]$ 分别是次数为 $d_{1}, d_{2}$ 的齐次型,且 $|d_{1}-d_{2}|=1$,我们证明 $\mathcal{G}(a, Q)\subset \mathcal{V}_{f}$ 当且仅当存在 $u, v\in\mathbb{Q}$ 使得 $a=f(u, v)$。在本文的第二部分(实验部分),我们针对有理函数 $f(x, y)=(y^2-x^3)/x$ 研究上述问题。我们将该问题与某些椭圆曲线上有理点的存在性联系起来,并给出有趣的数值观察结果,据此提出若干问题和猜想。

英文摘要:

Let $a, Q\in\Q$ be given and consider the set $\cal{G}(a, Q)=\{aQ^{i}:\;i\in\N\}$ of terms of geometric progression with 0th term equal to $a$ and the quotient $Q$. Let $f\in\Q(x, y)$ and $\cal{V}_{f}$ be the set of finite values of $f$. We consider the problem of existence of $a, Q\in\Q$ such that $\cal{G}(a, Q)\subset\cal{V}_{f}$. In the first part of the paper we describe several classes of rational function for which our problem has a positive solution. In particular, if $f(x,y)=\frac{f_{1}(x,y)}{f_{2}(x,y)}$, where $f_{1}, f_{2}\in\Z[x,y]$ are homogenous forms of degrees $d_{1}, d_{2}$ and $|d_{1}-d_{2}|=1$, we prove that $\cal{G}(a, Q)\subset \cal{V}_{f}$ if and only if there are $u, v\in\Q$ such that $a=f(u, v)$. In the second, experimental, part of the paper we study the stated problem for the rational function $f(x, y)=(y^2-x^3)/x$. We relate the problem to the existence of rational points on certain elliptic curves and present interesting numerical observations which allow us to state several questions and conjectures.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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