Andrey A. Dorogovtsev
In this article the construction of a stationary random knot is proposed. The corresponding smooth random curve has no self-intersections in deterministic moments of time and changes its topological type at random moments.
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The study of knots and links from a probabilistic viewpoint provides insight into the behavior of "typical" knots, and opens avenues for new constructions of knots and other topological objects with interesting properties. The knotting of random curves arises also in applications to the natural sciences, such as in the context of the structure of polymers. We present here several known and new randomized models of knots and links. We review the main known results on the knot distribution in each model. We discuss the nature of these models and the properties of the knots they produce. Of parti…
In a previous work, the first and third authors studied a random knot model for all two-bridge knots using billiard table diagrams. Here we present a closed formula for the distribution of the crossing numbers of such random knots. We also show that the probability of any given knot appearing in this model decays to zero at an exponential rate as the length of the billiard table goes to infinity. This confirms a conjecture from the previous work.
We use the Chebyshev knot diagram model of Koseleff and Pecker in order to introduce a random knot diagram model by assigning the crossings to be positive or negative uniformly at random. We give a formula for the probability of choosing a knot at random among all knots with bridge index at most 2. Restricted to this class, we define internal and external reduction moves that decrease the number of crossings of the diagram. We make calculations based on our formula, showing the numerics in graphs and providing evidence for our conjecture that the probability of any knot appearing in this model…
We study random knots and links in R^3 using the Petaluma model, which is based on the petal projections developed by Adams et al. (2012). In this model we obtain a formula for the distribution of the linking number of a random two-component link. We also obtain formulas for the expectations and the higher moments of the Casson invariant and the order-3 knot invariant v3. These are the first precise formulas given for the distributions of invariants in any model for random knots or links. We also use numerical computation to compare these to other random knot and link models, such as those bas…
Random Knots via Stiefel manifolds
该研究基于斯蒂费尔流形构造随机棒纽结模型，证明两类投影的纽结类型分布一致，给出六棒情形的纽结分类器，搭建了随机投影到随机纽结拓扑的桥梁。
The representation of knots by petal diagrams (Adams et al. 2012) naturally defines a sequence of distributions on the set of knots. In this article we establish some basic properties of this randomized knot model. We prove that in the random n-petal model the probability of obtaining every specific knot type decays to zero as n, the number of petals, grows. In addition we improve the bounds relating the crossing number and the petal number of a knot. This implies that the n-petal model represents at least exponentially many distinct knots. Past approaches to showing, in some random models, th…
Three-dimensional three-colour percolation on a lattice made of tetrahedra is a direct generalization of two-dimensional two-colour percolation on the triangular lattice. The interfaces between one-colour clusters are made of bicolour surfaces and tricolour non-intersecting and non-self-intersecting curves. Because of the three-dimensional space, these curves describe knots and links. The present paper presents a construction of such random knots using particular boundary conditions and a numerical study of some invariants of the knots. The results are sources of precise conjectures about the …
Random knotting in very long off-lattice self-avoiding polygons
研究非常长的非晶格自回避多边形中结的形成，采用新算法确定结类型，发现结的素因子数符合泊松分布，估计结特征长度为656500±2500，支持结定位和结熵猜想。
Random Walk on Knot Diagrams, Colored Jones Polynomial and Ihara-Selberg Zeta Function
利用纽结图上的随机游动模型，研究了纽结的Alexander多项式和有色Jones多项式。在这种情况下，一个结的亚历山大多项式的逆起着一个有向加权图的Ihara-Selberg zeta函数的作用，用权重计算1-string链接上的随机游动的循环，该链接的闭包是所讨论的结。然后，有色琼斯多项式对单串链路的布线上的随机游动的“自回避”循环的加权族进行计数。作为亚历山大和有色琼斯多项式的这种解释的结果，当着色（或布线）参数趋于无穷大而权重参数趋于1时，重正化有色琼斯多项式的极限的计算立即导致了梅尔文-莫顿猜想的新证明，该猜想首先由Rozansky和Bar-Natan和Garoufalthy建立。
Knots and Links from Random Projections
本文提出将n>3维欧氏空间的空间曲线正交投影到随机3维子空间的随机纽结与链环模型，研究其曲率期望、环绕数二阶矩计算方法及模型恢复应用。
Mass-stationarity means that the origin is at a typical location in the mass of a random measure. It is an intrinsic characterisation of Palm versions with respect to stationary random measures. Stationarity is the special case when the random measure is Lebesgue measure. The paper presents constructions of stationary and mass-stationary versions through change of measure and change of origin. Further, the paper considers characterisations of mass-stationarity by distributional invariance under preserving shifts agains stationary independent backgrounds.
Dyadic lattice graphs and their duals are commonly used as discrete approximations to the hyperbolic plane. We use them to give examples of random rooted graphs that are stationary for simple random walk, but whose duals have only a singular stationary measure. This answers a question of Curien and shows behaviour different from the unimodular case. The consequence is that planar duality does not combine well with stationary random graphs. We also study harmonic measure on dyadic lattice graphs and show its singularity.
The asymptotic distribution of maxima of stationary random sequences under random replacing
本文针对满足长期相依和局部相依条件的平稳序列，研究了随机替换对极值的影响，推导了两序列最大值的联合渐近分布，并给出了应用。
Stationary Measures for Random Walks in a Random Environment with Random Scenery
设$Γ$作用在可数集V上，V只有2个轨道.给定V上马尔可夫链的$Γ$ -不变随机环境和一个随机景物，在一定条件下，我们从随机步行者的角度给出了环境和景物的等价平稳测度.这类定理在研究拟传递图的渗流问题中非常有用。
A Stationary, Mixing and Perturbative Counterexample to the 0-1-law for Random Walk in Random Environment in Two Dimensions
构造了随机环境中随机游动的一个二维反例。环境是平稳的、混合的和微扰的，并且相应的RWRE具有非平凡的概率向右上方漂移。这与适用于i.i.d.的0-1定律相反。环境.
We prove that any stationary random graph satisfying a growth condition and having positive entropy almost surely admits an infinite dimensional space of bounded harmonic functions. Applications to random infinite planar triangulations and Delaunay graphs are given.
Ergodic Theory on Stationary Random Graphs
平稳随机图是一个随机有根图，它的分布在沿着简单随机游动重根下是不变的。我们适应凯莱图的熵技术，特别是稳定的随机图的次指数增长几乎肯定是刘维，也就是说，不承认非常数有界调和函数。应用包括均匀无限平面四边形和长程渗流集团。
Statistics of knots and entangled random walks
讲座回顾了事态的现代分支数学物理称为概率拓扑。特别地，我们考虑了以下问题：（i）我们利用Kauffman代数不变量估计了格点上平凡纽结形成的概率，并证明了这个问题与二维无序Potts模型热力学性质的联系;（ii）我们研究了多连通空间和与纽结理论相关的非交换群上随机游动的极限行为.讨论了上述问题在高分子链统计物理中的应用。在非对易概率论的基础上，我们得到了纠缠高分子链统计物理中的一些新结果，这些结果将严格的数学事实与更直观的物理论证结合起来。
We deduce bilateral interrelations between Fourier coefficients for lacunar trigonometric series and modulus of their continuity. We obtain also as an application some conditions for continuity and discontinuity for Gaussian periodic stationary random centered processes.
The field of algorithmic randomness studies what it means for infinite binary sequences to be random for some given uncertainty model. Classically, martingale-theoretic notions of such randomness involve precise uncertainty models, and it is only recently that imprecision has been introduced into this context. As a consequence, the investigation into how imprecision alters our view on martingale-theoretic random sequences has only just begun. In this contribution, where we allow for non-computable uncertainty models, we establish a close and surprising connection between precise and imprecise …
We study random knots, which we define as a triple of random periodic functions (where a random function is a random trigonometric series, \[f(θ) = \sum_{k=1}^\infty a_k \cos (k θ) +b_k (\sin k θ),\] with $a_k, b_k$ are independent gaussian random variables with mean $0$ and variance $σ(k)^2$ - our results will depend on the functional dependence of $σ$ on $k.$ In particular, we show that if $σ(k) = k^α,$ with $α< -3/2,$ then the probability of getting a knot type which admits a projection with $N$ crossings, decays at least as fast as $1/N.$ The constant $3/2$ is significant, because having $…
The translative intersection formula of integral geometry yields an expression for the mean Euler characteristic of a stationary random closed set intersected with a fixed observation window. We formulate this result in the setting of sets with positive reach and using flag measures which yield curvature measures as marginals. As an application, we consider excursion sets of stationary random fields with $C^{1,1}$ realizations, in particular, stationary Gaussian fields, and obtain results which extend those known from the literature.
Divergence of a stationary random vector field can be always positive (a Weiss' phenomenon)
平稳随机向量场在给定点的散度通常是一个中心（即零均值）随机变量。奇怪的是，它几乎肯定等于1。这个事实是B揭示的现象的另一种形式。1997年的Weiss。
The associated random walk and martingales in random walks with stationary increments
我们扩展的概念相关联的随机游动和Wald鞅的随机游动的增量是独立的，同分布的平稳遍历增量的更一般的情况下。给出的例子中的增量是马尔可夫或高斯，并考虑到应用程序中。
In this paper we extend a central limit theorem of Peligrad for uniformly strong mixing random fields satisfying the Lindeberg condition in the absence of stationarity property. More precisely, we study the asymptotic normality of the partial sums of uniformly $α$-mixing non-stationary random fields satisfying the Lindeberg condition, in the presence of an extra dependence assumption involving maximal correlations.
We study the problem of characterizing the effective (homogenized) properties of materials whose diffusive properties are modeled with random fields. Focusing on elliptic PDEs with stationary and ergodic random coefficient functions, we provide a gentle introduction to the mathematical theory of homogenization of random media. We also present numerical examples to elucidate the theoretical concepts and results.
We provide a new projective condition for a stationary real random field indexed by the lattice $\Z^d$ to be well approximated by an orthomartingale in the sense of Cairoli (1969). Ourmain result can be viewed as a multidimensional version of the martingale-coboundary decomposition method which the idea goes back to Gordin (1969). It is a powerfull tool for proving limit theorems or large deviations inequalities for stationary random fields when the corresponding result is valid for orthomartingales.
We describe two classes of Gaussian self-similar random fields: with strictly stationary rectangular increments and with mild stationary rectangular increments. We find explicit spectral and moving average representations for the fields with strictly stationary rectangular increments and characterize fields with mild stationary rectangular increments by the properties of covariance functions of their Lamperti transformations as well as in terms of their spectral densities. We establish that both classes contain not only fractional Brownian sheets and we provide corresponding examples. As a by-…
Light-tailed behavior of stationary distribution for state-dependent random walks on a strip
本文考虑半带上状态相关的反射随机游动。我们提供明确的标准（正）复发，并明确表示为平稳分布。在适当的条件下，证明了平稳分布的轻尾性。该方法的核心思想是对随机游动的轨迹进行分解，其主要工具是条带上随机游动的内在分支结构，这与矩阵分析方法不同。
In this paper, we use the concept of excursion sets for the extrapolation of stationary random fields. Doing so, we define excursion sets for the field and its linear predictor, and then minimize the expected volume of the symmetric difference of these sets under the condition that the univariate distributions of the predictor and of the field itself coincide. We illustrate the new approach on Gaussian random fields.
We introduce a variation of strong stationary times for random walks on the symmetric group. Rather than proceed in the usual fashion of accumulating larger and larger blocks of cards which may be in any order, we wait for pairs of cards to `interact', and bound the mixing time by the time taken for enough interactions to occur.
Approximation for the distribution of extremes of one dependent stationary sequences of random variables
本文改进了已有的关于平稳随机变量序列极值分布的逼近结果。我们扩大了适用范围，改善了近似误差。本文给出了它在研究由伯努利试验产生的扫描统计量分布中的应用。
We give some examples of random fields that can be represented as space-domain scaled stationary Ornstein-Uhlenbeck fields defined on the plane. Namely, we study a tied-down Wiener bridge, tied-down scaled Wiener bridges, a Kiefer process and so called (F,G)-Wiener bridges.
The tail of the stationary distribution of a random coefficient AR(q) model
研究了平稳随机系数自回归过程。使用更新型参数量身定制的这样的过程中，我们表明，平稳分布有一个幂律尾。当模型为正态分布时，我们证明了该模型在分布上等价于一个带随机误差的自回归过程。因此，我们得到了任何这样的模型的任意阶的尾部行为。
Extremes of alpha(t)-locally Stationary Gaussian Random Fields
本文导出了有限超立方体上α（t）-局部平稳高斯随机场上确界的渐近性质。我们提出了两个应用程序，我们的结果，第一个处理与极端的ggregate multifractional布朗运动，而第二个应用程序建立的确切渐近的上确界的chi过程所产生的multifractional布朗运动。
We give necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a phantom distribution function for a stationary random field on a regular lattice. We also introduce a less demanding notion of a directional phantom distribution, with potentially broader area of applicability. Such approach leads to sectorial limit properties, a phenomenon well-known in limit theorems for random fields. An example of a stationary Gaussian random field is provided showing that the two notions do not coincide. Criteria for the existence of the corresponding notions of the extremal index and the sectorial extrema…
Stationary and multi-self-similar random fields with stochastic volatility
本文引入了平稳的多重自相似随机场，它能解释随机波动率，并具有G型边际律。利用波动率调制的混合移动平均场构造平稳随机场，并讨论其概率性质。此外，两种方法参数化的权函数的移动平均表示：一种方法是基于傅立叶技术，旨在重现一个给定的相关结构，另一种方法是基于随机偏微分方程的思想。利用广义Lamperti变换，构造了具有G型分布的波动调制多自相似随机场.
Explicit stationary distribution of the $(L,1)$-reflecting random walk on the half line
本文研究了射线上的$(L,1)$状态相关反射随机游动（RW），RW是一个允许向左跳跃的最大尺寸为$L$的RW.对于该模型，我们给出了（正）常返性的显式判据和平稳分布的显式表达式，作为应用，我们证明了在一定条件下平稳分布的几何尾渐近性态。本文采用的主要工具是$(L,1)$ -随机游动的内在分支结构。
We consider a stationary process (with either discrete or continuous time) and find an adaptive approximating stationary process combining approximation quality and supplementary good properties that can be interpreted as additional smoothness or small expense of energy. The problem is solved in terms of the spectral characteristics of the approximated process by using classical analytic methods from prediction theory.
Limit theorems for excursion sets of stationary random fields
本文综述了近年来关于平稳随机场游程集几何的渐近结果。也就是说，我们涵盖了一些中心型的极限定理的体积的平稳（准-，正或负）相关的随机随机场与随机连续实现固定的偏移水平。这类随机场包括高斯随机场、泊松随机场、无限可分随机场、$α$稳定随机场和极大稳定随机场随机场，它们满足一些额外的相关条件。还回顾了函数极限定理（偏移水平是极限高斯过程的一个参数）。对于平稳的各向同性$C^1$ -平滑高斯随机场，类似的结果也可用于漂移集的表面积。对实际数据分析有重要意义的随机场的高斯性的统计检验以及在漂移水平增加时的结果是本文的主要内容。
We prove a local limit theorem for nearest neighbours random walks in stationary random environment of conductances on Z without using any of both classic assumptions of uniform ellipticity and independence on the conductances. Besides the central limit theorem, we use discrete differential "Nash-type inequalities" associated with the Hausdorff's representation of the completely decreasing sequences.
In this article we characterise discrete time stationary fields by difference equations involving stationary increment fields and self-similar fields. This gives connections between stationary fields, stationary increment fields and, through Lamperti transformation, self-similar fields. Our contribution is a natural generalisation of recently proved results covering the case of stationary processes.
In [4], we examined the use of coupling to obtain bounds on the mixing time of statistics on Markov chains. In the present paper, we consider the same general problem, but using strong stationary times rather than coupling. We discuss various types of behaviour that may occur when this is attempted, and analyse a variety of examples.
This paper studies the problem of equivalence of Gaussian measures induced by Gaussian random fields (GRFs) with stationary increments and proves a sufficient condition for the equivalence in terms of the behavior of the spectral measures at infinity. The main results extend those of Stein (2004), Van Zanten (2007, 2008) and are applicable to a rich family of nonstationary space-time models with possible anisotropy behavior.
We prove a functional central limit theorem for integrals $\int_W f(X(t))\, dt$, where $(X(t))_{t\in\mathbb{R}^d}$ is a stationary mixing random field and the stochastic process is indexed by the function $f$, as the integration domain $W$ grows in Van Hove-sense. We discuss properties of the covariance function of the asymptotic Gaussian process.
Tail asymptotic of the stationary distribution for the state dependent (1,R)-reflecting random walk: near critical
在本文中，我们认为$(1,R)$状态依赖反射随机游动（RW）的射线，允许的大小跳跃到最大的$R$的权利和向左只有1。我们提供了一个明确的标准为正的复发和明确的表达的基础上的内在分支结构的步行的平稳分布。作为应用，我们得到了平稳分布在“近临界”情形下的尾渐近性质。
Computing stationary probability distributions and large deviation rates for constrained random walks. The undecidability results
我们的模型是非负正交Z_+^d上的约束齐次随机游动。这种随机游动的平稳性收敛通常可以通过构造一个李雅普诺夫函数来检验。同样的李雅普诺夫函数也可以用来计算近似的平稳分布的随机游动，使用的方法开发的Meyn和Tweedie。在本文中，我们表明，这种类型的随机游动，计算平稳概率正是一个不可判定的问题：没有算法可以实现这一任务。然后，我们证明了计算该模型的大偏差率也是一个不可判定的问题。我们将这些结果推广到了某一类非线性系统。这些结果的含义是，没有有用的公式计算平稳概率和大偏差率可以存在于这些系统。
The first aim of this paper is to wonder to what extent we can generalize the central limit theorem of Gordin [5] under the so-called L 1-projective criteria to ergodic stationary random fields when completely commuting filtrations are considered. Surprisingly it appears that this result cannot be extended to its full generality and that an additional condition is needed.
Moderate deviations for stationary sequences of Hilbert valued bounded random variables
本文导出了值在希尔伯特空间中的有界随机变量平稳序列的中偏差原理。所得条件用鞅型条件表示。主要工具是鞅逼近和一个新的Hilbert值随机变量序列的Hoeffding不等式。给出了Cramer-Von Mises统计量、线性过程函数和稳定马尔可夫链的应用。
We consider a family of random locations, called intrinsic location functionals, of periodic stationary processes. This family includes but is not limited to the location of the path supremum and first/last hitting times. We first show that the set of all possible distributions of intrinsic location functionals for periodic stationary processes is the convex hull generated by a specific group of distributions. We then focus on two special subclasses of these random locations. For the first subclass, the density has a uniform lower bound; for the second subclass, the possible distributions are …
Let $Ψ_1,Ψ_2,...$ be a sequence of i.i.d. random Lipschitz functions on a complete separable metric space with unbounded metric $d$ and forward iterations $X_n$. Suppose that $X_n$ has a stationary distribution. We study the stationary tail behavior of the functional $D_n=d(x_0,X_n)$, $x_0$ an arbitrary reference point, by providing bounds for these random variables in terms of simple contractive iterated function systems on the nonnegative halfline. Our results provide bounds for the lower and upper tail index of $D_n$ and will be illustrated by a number of popular examples including the AR(1…
A Benamou-Brenier formula for transport distances between stationary random measures
本文为平稳随机测度间的 Wasserstein 度量推导出 Benamou-Brenier 型动力学公式，关键创新在于利用 Palm 概率重新表述该度量。
A Markovian single-server queue is studied in an interactive random environment. The arrival and service rates of the queue depend on the environment, while the transition dynamics of the random environment depends on the queue length. We consider in detail two types of Markov random environments: a pure jump process and a reflected jump-diffusion. In both cases, the joint dynamics is constructed so that the stationary distribution can be explicitly found in a simple form (weighted geometric). We also derive an explicit estimate for exponential rate of convergence to the stationary distributio…
Motivated by random evolutions which do not start from equilibrium, in a recent work, Peligrad and Volný (2018) showed that the quenched CLT (central limit theorem) holds for ortho-martingale random fields. In this paper, we study the quenched CLT for a class of random fields larger than the ortho-martingales. To get the results, we impose sufficient conditions in terms of projective criteria under which the partial sums of a stationary random field admit an ortho-martingale approximation. More precisely, the sufficient conditions are of the Hannan's projective type. As applications, we establ…
We consider "randomized" statistics constructed by using a finite number of observations a random field at randomly chosen points. We generalize the invariance principle (the functional CLT), the Glivenko--Cantelli theorem, the theorem about convergence to the Brownian bridge and the Kolmogorov theorem about the limit distribution of the empirical distribution function, as well as an improved version of the CLT in A. Tempelman, Randomized multivariate central limit theorems for ergodic homogeneous random fields, Stochastic Processes and their Applications. 143 (2022), 89-105. The randomized ap…
Stationary Symmetric alpha-Stable Discrete Parameter Random Fields
我们建立了平稳对称α稳定随机场（0 < alpha < 2）的结构和非奇异群作用的遍历论之间的联系，详细阐述了Rosinski（2000）以前的工作。利用这种联系，我们研究了递增盒上场的极值。根据遍历理论和群论结构的基础行动，我们观察到不同种类的渐近行为的这个序列的极值。
In the first part of this paper, we determine the asymptotic subgroup growth of the fundamental group of a torus knot complement. In the second part, we use this to study random finite degree covers of torus knot complements. We determine their Benjamini-Schramm limit and the linear growth rate of the Betti numbers of these covers. All these results generalise to a larger class of lattices in $\mathrm{PSL}(2,\mathbb{R})\times \mathbb{R}$. As a by-product of our proofs, we obtain analogous limit theorems for high degree random covers of non-uniform Fuchsian lattices with torsion.
Non-stationary version of Ergodic Theorem for random dynamical systems
本文证明了非平稳随机动力系统的逐点遍历定理，并给出两个适用实例：非平稳迭代函数系统与非平稳随机矩阵乘积。
We obtain an elementary invariance principle for multi-dimensional Brownian sheet where the underlying random fields are not necessarily independent or stationary. Possible applications include unit-root tests for spatial as well as panel data models.
We show that the random transposition walk on the symmetric group $S_n$ has cutoff in separation distance at $\frac{1}{2}n \log n$, by constructing a strong stationary time. The construction involves working with cycle types of permutations and some partition combinatorics.
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