Emmanuel Kowalski, Théo Untrau
We generalize results of Duke, Garcia, Hyde, Lutz and others on the distribution of sums of roots of unity related to Gaussian periods to obtain equidistribution of similar sums over zeros of arbitrary integral polynomials. We also interpret these results in terms of trace functions, and generalize them to higher rank trace functions.
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We show that under certain general conditions, short sums of $\ell$-adic trace functions over finite fields follow a normal distribution asymptotically when the origin varies, generalizing results of Erdős-Davenport, Mak-Zaharescu and Lamzouri. In particular, this applies to exponential sums arising from Fourier transforms such as Kloosterman sums or Birch sums, as we can deduce from the works of Katz. By approximating the moments of traces of random matrices in monodromy groups, a quantitative version can be given as in Lamzouri's article, exhibiting a different phenomenon than the averaging …
In this paper, we investigate the distribution of the maximum of partial sums of families of $m$-periodic complex valued functions satisfying certain conditions. We obtain precise uniform estimates for the distribution function of this maximum in a near optimal range. Our results apply to partial sums of Kloosterman sums and other families of $\ell$-adic trace functions, and are as strong as those obtained by Bober, Goldmakher, Granville and Koukoulopoulos for character sums. In particular, we improve on the recent work of the third author for Birch sums. However, unlike character sums, we are…
We construct a binary linear code $C(O(3,q))$, associated with the orthogonal group $O(3,q)$. Here $q$ is a power of two. Then we obtain a recursive formula for the odd power moments of Kloosterman sums with trace one arguments in terms of the frequencies of weights in the codes $C(O(3,q))$ and $C(Sp(2,q))$. This is done via Pless power moment identity and by utilizing the explicit expressions of Gauss sums for the orthogonal groups.
We specialize the Eichler-Selberg trace formula to obtain trace formulas for the prime-to-level Hecke action on cusp forms for certain congruence groups of arbitrary level. As a consequence, we determine the asymptotic in the prime p of the number of (weighted) SL(2,Z)-conjugation orbits of 2 by 2 matrices of determinant p whose reductions modulo N lie in a given conjugacy class in GL(2,Z/NZ). This generalizes an 1885 result of Hurwitz.
We obtain new bounds for short sums of isotypic trace functions associated to some sheaf modulo prime $p$ of bounded conductor, twisted by the Mobius function and also by the generalised divisor function. These trace functions include Kloosterman sums and several other classical number theoretic objects. Our bounds are nontrivial for intervals of length at least $p^{1/2+\varepsilon}$ with an arbitrary fixed $\varepsilon >0$, which is shorter than the length at least $p^{3/4+\varepsilon}$ in the case of the Mobius function and at least $p^{2/3+\varepsilon}$ in the case of the divisor function r…
Norm-trace and Kloosterman sums in finite semi-simple algebras
本文研究了有限半单代数中给定极迹和范数的元素数量，推导出带有平方根误差项的渐进行为，并将结果从有限交换代数推广到非交换的有限半单代数，同时得到克卢斯特曼和的平方根估计。
Traces of Hecke Operators via Hypergeometric Character Sums
本文提出一种一致且具几何性的方法，利用有限域上的超几何特征和，给出了算术三角群相关情形下尖点形式空间上Hecke算子迹的显式公式，适用于椭圆模曲线和Shimura曲线，并可求出特征值。
We consider sums of oscillating functions on intervals in cyclic groups of size close to the square root of the size of the group. We first prove non-trivial estimates for intervals of length slightly larger than this square root (bridging the "Polyá-Vinogradov gap" in some sense) for bounded functions with bounded Fourier transforms. We then prove that the existence of non-trivial estimates for ranges slightly below the square-root bound is stable under the discrete Fourier transform, and we give applications related to trace functions over finite fields.
We study sums over primes of trace functions of $\ell$-adic sheaves. Using an extension of our earlier results on algebraic twist of modular forms to the case of Eisenstein series and bounds for Type II sums based on similar applications of the Riemann Hypothesis over finite fields, we prove general estimates with power-saving for such sums. We then derive various concrete applications.
Effective estimates for traces of singular moduli
本文针对奇异模的广义扭曲迹，利用 $Γ_0(4)$ 上 Kloosterman 和之和的显式界，建立了具有有效误差界的渐近公式，改进了 Andersen 和 Duke 的相关估计。
We consider $\ell$-adic trace functions over finite fields taking values in cyclotomic integers, such as characters and exponential sums. Through ideas of Deligne and Katz, we explore probabilistic properties of the reductions modulo a prime ideal, exploiting especially the determination of their integral monodromy groups. In particular, this gives a generalization of a result of Lamzouri-Zaharescu on the distribution of short sums of the Legendre symbol reduced modulo an integer to all multiplicative characters and to hyper-Kloosterman sums.
The distribution and the structure of the maximum of partial sums in families of trace functions
本文针对一类m周期复值函数族，改进了其部分和最大值的分布尾部估计并给出分布函数对数的渐近公式，还证明了该部分和最大值的结构定理，与Dirichlet特征和最大值分布的相关结果形成对比。
Sums of von Mangoldt convolutions via trace-sum averages over $U(N)$
本文通过酉矩阵积分和格点渐近分析，确定了 von Mangoldt 卷积方差中分段多项式 $\delta_k(c)$ 的显式形式，并给出样条展开与行列式表示。
Counting $2\times2$ integer matrices with fixed trace and determinant
该研究利用二次根的Weyl和的和的界，对带固定特征多项式的2×2整数矩阵数目做带光滑权的计数，给出主项与误差项。
Short sums of trace functions over function fields and their applications
研究函数域上迹函数的短和及其应用，解决了多项式无法表示的最小剩余类问题和Kloosterman和的方差问题。
Kloosterman sums for a finite field arise as Frobenius trace functions of certain local systems defined over $\Gm$. The moments of Kloosterman sums calculate the Frobenius traces on the cohomology of tensor powers (or symmetric powers, exterior powers, etc.) of these local systems. We show that when $p$ ranges over all primes, the moments of the corresponding Kloosterman sums for $\mathbb{F}_{p}$ arise as Frobenius traces on a continuous $\ell$-adic Galois representation that comes from geometry. We also give bounds on the ramification of these Galois representations. All this is done in the g…
We give a general version of cancellation in exponential sums that arise as sums of products of trace functions satisfying a suitable independence condition related to the Goursat-Kolchin-Ribet criterion, in a form that is easily applicable in analytic number theory.
Let $\mathcal{K}(a)$ denote the Kloosterman sum on the finite field of order $2^n$. We give a simple characterization of $\mathcal{K}(a)$ modulo 16, in terms of the trace of $a$ and one other function. We also give a characterization of $\mathcal{K}(a)$ modulo 64 in terms of a different function, which we call the lifted trace. Our proofs use Fourier analysis, Stickelberger's theorem and the Gross-Koblitz formula.
In this paper, we construct two ternary linear codes $C(SO(3,q))$ and $C(O(3,q))$, respectively associated with the orthogonal groups $SO(3,q)$ and $O(3,q)$. Here $q$ is a power of three. Then we obtain two recursive formulas for the power moments of Kloosterman sums with $``$trace nonzero square arguments" in terms of the frequencies of weights in the codes. This is done via Pless power moment identity and by utilizing the explicit expressions of Gauss sums for the orthogonal groups.
Let GF(q), q=p^r, be a finite field with a primitive element g. In this paper we use exponential sums and Jacobi sums to compute the number of the irreducible polynomials of degree m over GF(q) with trace fixed and norm restricted to a coset of a subgroup <g^s>, s|(q-1). We give the number explicitly for s=2, 3, 4 when q=p, and for s|(p^e+1) when r=2en. Finally, we give explicit formulae for the number when both trace and norm are fixed, p=2 and m =< 30.
Using the Kuznetsov trace formula, we prove a spectral decomposition for the sums of generalized Dirichlet $L$-functions. Among applications are an explicit formula relating norms of prime geodesics to moments of symmetric square $L$-functions and an asymptotic expansion for the average of central values of generalized Dirichlet $L$-functions.
In this paper, we construct an infinite family of binary linear codes associated with double cosets with respect to certain maximal parabolic subgroup of the orthogonal group O(2n+1,q). Here q is a power of two. Then we obtain an infinite family of recursive formulas generating the odd power moments of Kloosterman sums with trace one arguments in terms of the frequencies of weights in the codes associated with those double cosets in O(2n+1,q) and in the codes associated with similar double cosets in the symplectic group Sp(2n,q). This is done via Pless power moment identity and by utilizing th…
Bilinear forms with trace functions
本文提出了一种基于分层定理和鲁棒准则的新方法，用于在波利亚-文纳戈夫范围内获得双线性迹函数和的非平凡界。
We establish cancellation in short sums of certain special trace functions over $\mathbb{F}_q[u]$ below the Pólya-Vinogradov range, with savings approaching square-root cancellation as $q$ grows. This is used to resolve the $\mathbb{F}_q[u]$-analog of Chowla's conjecture on cancellation in Möbius sums over polynomial sequences, and of the Bateman-Horn conjecture in degree $2$, for some values of $q$. A final application is to sums of trace functions over primes in $\mathbb{F}_q[u]$.
Let $\F_q$ ($q=p^r$) be a finite field. In this paper the number of irreducible polynomials of degree $m$ in $\F_q[x]$ with prescribed trace and norm coefficients is calculated in certain special cases and a general bound for that number is obtained improving the bound by Wan if $m$ is small compared to $q$. As a corollary, sharp bounds are obtained for the number of elements in $\F_{q^3}$ with prescribed trace and norm over $\F_q$ improving the estimates by Katz in this special case. Moreover, a characterization of Kloosterman sums over $\F_{2^r}$ divisible by three is given generalizing the …
We prove several old and new theorems about finite sums involving characters and trigonometric functions. These sums can be traced back to theta function identities from Ramanujan's notebooks and were systematically first studied by Berndt and Zaharescu; their proofs involved complex contour integration. We show how to prove most of Berndt-Zaharescu's and some new identities by elementary methods of discrete Fourier Analysis.
Odd moments for the trace of Frobenius and the Sato--Tate conjecture in arithmetic progressions
该文研究算术级数限制下椭圆曲线Frobenius迹的矩，得到奇次矩与第零次矩之比的渐近行为，并据此证明其分布关于Sato–Tate测度等分布，为数论中相关猜想提供了新结果。
In this paper, we construct four infinite families of ternary linear codes associated with double cosets in $O(2n+1,q)$ with respect to certain maximal parabolic subgroup of the special orthogonal group $SO(2n+1,q)$. Here $q$ is a power of three. Then we obtain two infinite families of recursive formulas, the one generating the power moments of Kloosterman sums with $``$trace nonzero square arguments" and the other generating the even power moments of those. Both of these families are expressed in terms of the frequencies of weights in the codes associated with those double cosets in $O(2n+1,q…
We introduce and develop $(π,p)$-adic Dwork theory for $L$-functions of exponential sums associated to one-variable rational functions, interpolating $p^k$-order exponential sums over affinoids. Namely, we prove a generalization of the Dwork-Monsky-Reich trace formula and apply it to establish an analytic continuation of the $C$-function $C_f(s,π)$. We compute the lower $(π,p)$-adic bound, the Hodge polygon, for this $C$-function. Along the way, we also show why a strictly $π$-adic theory will not work in this case.
For a given l-adic sheaf F on a commutative algebraic group over a finite field k and an integer r we define the r-th local norm L-function of F at a point t in G(k) and prove its rationality. This function gives information on the sum of the local Frobenius traces of F over the points of G(k_r) (where k_r is the extension of degree r of k) with norm t. For G the one-dimensional affine line or the torus, these sums can in turn be used to estimate the number of rational points on curves or the absolute value of exponential sums which are invariant under a large group of translations or homothet…
Corentin Perret-Gentil proved, under some very general conditions, that short sums of $\ell$-adic trace functions over finite fields of varying center converges in law to a Gaussian random variable or vector. The main inputs are P.~Deligne's equidistribution theorem, N.~Katz' works and the results surveyed in \cite{MR3338119}. In particular, this applies to $2$-dimensional Kloosterman sums $\mathsf{Kl}_{2,\mathbb{F}_q}$ studied by N.~Katz in \cite{MR955052} and in \cite{MR1081536} when the field $\mathbb{F}_q$ gets large. \par This article considers the case of short sums of normalized classic…
Algebraic twists of GL(2) automorphic forms
本文研究 GL2 自守形式 Hecke 特征值与有限域上迹函数的相关性，利用 adele 语言和相对迹公式，将 Burgess 型幂次改进结果推广至数域情形。
A lower bound for classical Kloosterman sums and an application
研究经典克洛斯特曼和的下界，并应用于皮尔森追踪公式，推导出显式下界，改进了朱恩和萨拉迪的定理，允许权重和模数独立变化。
Bilinear forms with trace functions over arbitrary sets, and applications to Sato-Tate
本文证明了丰饶层迹函数在任意子集支撑下的一般双线性形式非平凡上界，结合加性组合与Kloosterman层乘积和结果突破了Pólya-Vinogradov障碍，并推导出稀疏族中Kloosterman和与椭圆曲线Frobenius迹的Sato-Tate分布。
This paper is a first attempt at getting information on a symmetric power representation of a $GL_2$ automorphic form via a trace formula that is beyond endoscopic techniques. In particular, we study the symmetric third power representation for all forms over $\Q$ adjoined the cube roots of unity. A key tool needed in the study is an identity relating cubic exponential sums to Kloosterman sums. This very same identity is crucial to the fundamental lemma of a trace formula comparison in work of Mao and Rallis.
Equidistribution of high traces of random matrices over finite fields and cancellation in character sums of high conductor
本文研究了有限域上随机矩阵高次迹的等分布问题，通过归约为函数域特征和的抵消并利用额外对称性，将等分布范围扩展至远超经典界限的 $\log k=o(n^2)$。
Twisted traces of modular functions on hyperbolic $3$-space
本文计算了双曲3-空间上调和模函数与爱森斯坦级数的扭曲迹，证明前者由j-不变量的傅里叶系数给出且为整数，后者可用狄利克雷L-函数与除数和表示。
The continuous spectrum to the spectral side of the Arthur-Selberg trace formula is described in terms of intertwining operators, whose normalising factors involve quotients of $L$-functions. In this paper, we derive two expressions in the case of SL(2) over a number field in terms of the Riemann-Weil explicit formula: as a sum over zeroes of the associated $L$-functions, and as a sum of adelic distributions on Weil groups. As an application, we obtain an expression for a lower bound for the sums over zeroes with respect to the truncation parameter for Eisenstein series.
On algebraic twists with composite moduli
本文研究自守系数与复合模迹函数构成的代数扭曲和的界，给出了相应估计。
We study short sums of algebraic trace functions via the $q$-analogue of van der Corput method, and develop methods of arithmetic exponent pairs that coincide with the classical case while the moduli has sufficiently good factorizations. As an application, we prove a quadratic analogue of Brun-Titchmarsh theorem on average, bounding the number of primes $p\leqslant X$ with $p^2+1\equiv0\pmod q$. The other two applications include a larger level of distribution of divisor functions in arithmetic progressions and a sub-Weyl subconvex bound of Dirichlet $L$-functions studied previously by Irving.
An effective version of the Kuznetsov trace formula for GSp(4)
本研究构建GSp(4)的Kuznetsov迹公式显式版本，研究其谱与算术变换的解析性质，得到有效迹公式，并在谱方面建立GSp(4)上Maaß自守形式族的Weyl定律等多种相关结果。
Coset-refined trace statistics, nodal characters, and affine branches in cubic norm tori
本文研究了立方范数托里的余类细化迹统计、节点特征以及立方范数托里的affine分支，证明了余类细化迹定理，并探讨了迹和范数曲线上的几何输入及其对局部分支理论的影响。
The Katz-Sarnak Density Conjecture states that the behavior of zeros of a family of $L$-functions near the central point (as the conductors tend to zero) agree with the behavior of eigenvalues near 1 of a classical compact group (as the matrix size tends to infinity). Using the Petersson formula, Iwaniec, Luo and Sarnak \cite{ILS} proved that the behavior of zeros near the central point of holomorphic cusp forms agree with the behavior of eigenvalues of orthogonal matrices for suitably restricted test functions. We prove a similar result for level 1 cuspidal Maass forms, the other natural fami…
The authors establish the fundamental lemma for a relative trace formula. This trace formula compares generic automorphic representations of GSp$(4)$ with automorphic representations of GL$(4)$ which are distinguished with respect to a character of the Shalika subgroup, the subgroup of matrices of $2\times 2$ block form $$ \pmatrix g&0\\0&g\endpmatrix \pmatrix I&0\\X&O\endpmatrix. $$ The fundamental lemma, giving the equality of two orbital integrals, amounts to a comparison of certain exponential sums arising from these two different groups. On the GSp$(4)$ side one has the Kloosterman sums f…
Let $\mathbb{F}_{q}$ denote the finite field of order $q$ (a power of a prime $p$). We study the $p$-adic valuations for zeros of $L$-functions associated with exponential sums of the following family of Laurent polynomials f(x_1,x_2,...,x_{n+1})=a_1x_{n+1}(x_1+{1\over x_1})+...+a_{n}x_{n+1}(x_{n}+{1\over x_{n}})+a_{n+1}x_{n+1}+{1\over x_{n+1}} where $a_i\in \mathbb{F}_{q}^*,\,i=1,2,...,n+1$. When n=2, the estimate of the associated exponential sum appears in Iwaniec's work, and Adolphson and Sperber gave complex absolute values for zeros of the corresponding $L$-function. Using the decomposit…
We prove an exact formula for the second moment of Rankin-Selberg $L$-functions $L(1/2,f \times g)$ twisted by $λ_f(p)$, where $g$ is a fixed holomorphic cusp form and $f$ is summed over automorphic forms of a given level $q$. The formula is a reciprocity relation that exchanges the twist parameter $p$ and the level $q$. The method involves the Bruggeman/Kuznetsov trace formula on both ends; finally the reciprocity relation is established by an identity of sums of Kloosterman sums.
Character sums on an oriented singer conic and explicit Ramanujan double covers
本文研究有限域上定向Singer圆锥的奇乘性特征和，证明其绝对值有界，并由此构造出显式Singer不变的Ramanujan二重覆盖图。
Applications of Faà di Bruno's formula to partition traces
本文通过经典 Faà di Bruno 公式重新审视多种分拆理论生成函数，为已知结果提供统一解释，并为推导类似新恒等式建立系统框架。
We show that the distributions occurring in the geometric and spectral side of the twisted Arthur-Selberg trace formula extend to non-compactly supported test functions. The geometric assertion is modulo a hypothesis on root systems proven when the group is split. The result extends the work of Finis-Lapid (and Müller, spectral side) to the twisted setting. We use the absolute convergence to give a geometric interpretation of sums of residues of certain Rankin-Selberg L-functions.
Zagier proved that the traces of singular moduli, i.e., the sums of the values of the classical j-invariant over quadratic irrationalities, are the Fourier coefficients of a modular form of weight 3/2 with poles at the cusps. Using the theta correspondence, we generalize this result to traces of CM values of (weakly holomorphic) modular functions on modular curves of arbitrary genus. We also study the theta lift for the weight 0 Eisenstein series for SL(2,Z) and realize a certain generating series of arithmetic intersection numbers as the derivative of Zagier's Eisenstein series of weight 3/2.…
Matrix Kloosterman sums and product-trace estimates for semisimple algebras
研究半单代数中满足特定条件的元素数量估计问题，通过定义\(\mathrm{N}(E,r,x,a)\)，证明了相关不等式，验证了万猜想中的平方根估计并推广前人结果，对有限半单代数及正则元素用类似方法结合公式也得到类似估计。
We describe a family of indefinite theta functions of signature $(1,1)$ that can be expressed in terms of trace functions of vertex algebras built from cones in lattices. The family of indefinite theta functions considered has interesting connections with mock theta functions and Appell-Lerch sums. We use these relations to write the McKay-Thompson series of umbral moonshine at lambency $\ell=8,12,16$ in terms of trace functions of vertex algebras modules, and thereby provide the modules for these instances of umbral moonshine.
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