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arXiv 2301.01003astro-ph.SRastro-ph.EP
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来自一个新T型矮星双星系统的偏振射电脉冲

Polarised radio pulsations from a new T dwarf binary

H. K. Vedantham, Trent J. Dupuy, E. L. Evans, A. Sanghi, J. R. Callingham, T. W. Shimwell, W. M. J. Best, M. C. Liu, P. Zarka

AI总结:

本文通过LOFAR和Keck观测发现T型矮星双星WISEP J101905.63+652954.2具有脉冲式圆偏振射电发射,并利用双星相互作用模型解释其能量来源,表明低频射电巡天可探测到磁场低至约50高斯的最冷射电明亮天体。

摘要:

褐矮星展现出类似木星的极光现象,例如磁层H$α$发射和相干射电发射。相干射电发射是探测磁层加速机制的一种手段,并可直接测量发射位置处的磁场强度,而这两者都难以通过其他途径获得。对最冷褐矮星(光谱型T和Y)的观测尤其令人感兴趣,因为它们的磁层现象可能与气态巨系外行星中的现象非常相似。本文介绍了使用LOFAR和Keck望远镜分别对褐矮星WISEP J101905.63+652954.2进行的144 MHz射电和红外自适应光学观测。射电数据显示出脉冲式高圆偏振发射,由此得到自转速率为$0.32\pm0.03$ hr$^{-1}$。红外成像揭示该源是一个双星系统,两个子星的光谱型分别为T5.$5\pm0.5$和T7.$0\pm0.5$,投影间距为$423.0\pm1.6$ mas。通过一个简单的“玩具模型”,我们证明该射电发射原则上可以由两颗矮星之间的相互作用提供能量,其质量损失率至少为木星值的$25$倍。WISEP J101905.63+652954.2之所以引人关注,是因为它是在低频射电巡天中探测到的第一个脉冲式甲烷矮星。与之前仅对具有千高斯磁场的对象敏感的千兆赫兹频率巡天不同,我们的低频巡天对约$50$高斯及以上的表面磁场敏感,这可能揭示出低至行星质量尺度的最冷射电明亮天体。

英文摘要:

Brown dwarfs display Jupiter-like auroral phenomena such as magnetospheric H$α$ emission and coherent radio emission. Coherent radio emission is a probe of magnetospheric acceleration mechanisms and provides a direct measurement of the magnetic field strength at the emitter's location, both of which are difficult to access by other means. Observations of the coldest brown dwarfs (spectral types T and Y) are particularly interesting as their magnetospheric phenomena may be very similar to those in gas-giant exoplanets. Here we present 144 MHz radio and infrared adaptive optics observations of the brown dwarf WISEP J101905.63+652954.2 made using the LOFAR and Keck telescopes respectively. The radio data shows pulsed highly circularly polarised emission which yields a rotation rate of $0.32\pm0.03$ hr$^{-1}$. The infrared imaging reveals the source to be a binary with a projected separation of $423.0\pm1.6$ mas between components of spectral type T5.$5\pm0.5$ and T7.$0\pm0.5$. With a simple "toy model" we show that the radio emission can in principle be powered by the interaction between the two dwarfs with a mass-loss rates of at least $25$ times the Jovian value. WISEP J101905.63+652954.2 is interesting because it is the first pulsed methane dwarf detected in a low radio-frequency search. Unlike previous gigahertz-frequency searches that were only sensitive to objects with kiloGauss fields, our low-frequency search is sensitive to surface magnetic fields of $\approx 50$ Gauss and above which might reveal the coldest radio-loud objects down to planetary mass-scales.

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