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arXiv 2008.05707astro-ph.SRastro-ph.HE
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偏振米波恒星辐射的机制

On the mechanism of polarised metrewave stellar emission

H. K. Vedantham

摘要:

在恒星日冕中有两种相干射电辐射机制:等离子体辐射和回旋辐射。它们分别直接探测电子密度和磁场强度。大多数恒星的射电探测都是在厘米波段进行的,在那里通常不可能唯一地识别发射机制,这阻碍了射电观测在探测日冕条件方面的效用。在预期的恒星观测从一套敏感的低频($ν\sim 10^2\,{\rm MHz}$)射电望远镜,在这里我适用于非相对论性等离子体相干发射的一般理论的低频情况。我认为最近报道的低频发射dMe耀斑星AD狮子座和UV鲸鱼座和静止的恒星GJ 1151作为测试案例。我的主要结论是,不像厘米波制度,合理的湍流饱和制度,米波观测($ν\sim 10^2\,{\rm MHz}$)的发射机制,往往可以确定所观察到的亮度温度,发射持续时间和偏振分数的基础上。我得出以下启发:M-矮星的发射是$\gtrsim \,$小时长的$\gtrsim 50\%$圆极化分数在亮度温度的$\gtrsim 10^{12}\,$ K在$\sim 100\,{\rm MHz}$在典型的M-矮星强烈有利于回旋脉泽的解释。

英文摘要:

Two coherent radio emission mechanisms operate in stellar coronae: plasma emission and cyclotron emission. They directly probe the electron density and magnetic field strength respectively. Most stellar radio detections have been made at cm-wavelengths where it is often not possible to uniquely identify the emission mechanism, hindering the utility of radio observations in probing coronal conditions. In anticipation of stellar observations from a suite of sensitive low-frequency ($ν\sim 10^2\,{\rm MHz}$) radio telescopes, here I apply the general theory of coherent emission in non-relativistic plasma to the low-frequency case. I consider the recently reported low-frequency emission from dMe flare stars AD Leo and UV Ceti and the quiescent star GJ 1151 as test cases. My main conclusion is that unlike the cm-wave regime, for reasonable turbulence saturation regimes, the emission mechanism in metre-wave observations ($ν\sim 10^2\,{\rm MHz}$) can often be identified based on the observed brightness temperature, emission duration and polarisation fraction. I arrive at the following heuristic: M-dwarf emission that is $\gtrsim \,$hour-long with $\gtrsim 50\%$ circular polarised fraction at brightness temperatures of $\gtrsim 10^{12}\,$K at $\sim 100\,{\rm MHz}$ in canonical M-dwarfs strongly favours a cyclotron maser interpretation.

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