We present a deep radio-polarimetric observation of the stellar bow shock EB27 associated to the massive star BD+43 3654. This is the only stellar bow shock confirmed to have non-thermal radio emission. We used the Jansky Very Large Array in S band (2 - 4GHz) to test whether this synchrotron emission is polarised. The unprecedented sensitivity achieved allowed us to map even the fainter regions of the bow shock, revealing that the more diffuse emission is steeper and the bow shock brighter than previously reported. No linear polarisation is detected in the bow shock above 0.5%, although we detected polarised emission from two southern sources, probably extragalactic in nature. We modeled the intensity and morphology of the radio emission to better constrain the magnetic field and injected power in relativistic electrons. Finally, we derived a set of more precise parameters for the system EB27-BD+43 3654 using Gaia Early Data Release 3, including the spatial velocity. The new trajectory, back in time, intersects the core of the Cyg OB2 association.
Massive stars moving at supersonic peculiar velocities through the interstellar medium (ISM) can create bow shocks, arc-like structures at the interface between the stellar wind and the ISM. Many such bow shocks have been detected and catalogued at IR wavelengths, but detections in other wavebands remain rare. Strikingly, while electrons are expected to be accelerated in the bow shock and their non-thermal emission may include synchrotron emission at low frequencies, only two massive runaway stellar bow shocks have to date been detected in the radio band. Here, we examine a sample of fifty IR-…
Dust waves and bow waves result from the action of a star's radiation pressure on a stream of dusty plasma that flows past it. They are an alternative mechanism to hydrodynamic bow shocks for explaining the curved arcs of infrared emission seen around some stars. When gas and grains are perfectly coupled, for a broad class of stellar parameters, wind-supported bow shocks predominate when the ambient density is below 100 per cubic cm. At higher densities radiation-supported bows can form, tending to be optically thin bow waves around B stars, or optically thick bow shocks around early O stars. …
Stellar bow shocks, bow waves, and dust waves all result from the action of a star's wind and radiation pressure on a stream of dusty plasma that flows past it. The dust in these bows emits prominently at mid-infrared wavelengths in the range 8 to 60 micron. We propose a novel diagnostic method, the tau-eta diagram, for analyzing these bows, which is based on comparing the fractions of stellar radiative energy and stellar radiative momentum that is trapped by the bow shell. This diagram allows the discrimination of wind-supported bow shocks, radiation-supported bow waves, and dust waves in whi…
Stellar bow shocks result from relative motions between stars and their environment. The interaction of the stellar wind and radiation with gas and dust in the interstellar medium produces curved arcs of emission at optical, infrared, and radio wavelengths. We recently proposed a new two-dimensional classification scheme for the shape of such bow shocks, which we here apply to three very different observational datasets: mid-infrared arcs around hot OB stars; far-infrared arcs around luminous cool stars; and H alpha emission-line arcs around proplyds and other young stars in the Orion Nebula. …
We investigate the occurrence of stellar bow shocks around high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs) in the Galaxy. We seek to conduct a survey of HMXBs in the mid-infrared to search for the presence of bow shocks around these objects. Telescopes operating in the mid-infrared, such as the Spitzer Space Telescope or Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), are potent tools for searching for the stellar bow shocks. We used the available archival data from these telescopes to search for bow shock candidates around the confirmed and candidate HMXBs in the Galaxy. We detected extended mid-infrared struct…
Context. While the shapes of many observed bow shocks can be reproduced by simple astrosphere models, more elaborate approaches have recently been used to explain differing observable structures. Aims. By placing perturbations of an otherwise homogeneous interstellar medium in front of the astrospheric bow shock of the runaway blue supergiant $λ$ Cephei, the observable structure of the model astrosphere is significantly altered, providing insight into the origin of perturbed bow shock images. Methods. Three-dimensional single-fluid magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) models of stationary astrospheres we…
Astrophysical bow shocks are a common result of the interaction between two supersonic plasma flows, such as winds or jets from stars or active galaxies, or streams due to the relative motion between a star and the interstellar medium. For cylindrically symmetric bow shocks, we develop a general theory for the effects of inclination angle on the apparent shape. We propose a new two-dimensional classification scheme for bow shapes, which is based on dimensionless geometric ratios that can be estimated from observational images. The two ratios are related to the flatness of the bow's apex, which…
A persistent bow shock in a diskless magnetised accreting white dwarf
Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences（尼古拉·哥白尼天文学中心，波兰科学院）；Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Department of Physics, Durham University（杜伦大学物理系河外天文中心）；INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte（意大利国家天体物理研究所卡波迪蒙特天文台）；School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton（南安普顿大学物理与天文学院）；INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera（意大利国家天体物理研究所布雷拉天文台）；University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Astrophysics（牛津大学物理系天体物理学）；Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC)（空间科学研究所（欧洲空间科学中心，西班牙高等科学研究委员会））；Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC)（加泰罗尼亚太空研究研究所）；South African Astronomical Observatory（南非天文台）；Department of Astronomy, University of Cape Town（开普敦大学天文系）；Department of Physics, University of the Free State（自由州大学物理系）；Department of Physics, University of Warwick（华威大学物理系）；Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University（拉德堡德大学天体物理学/IMAPP系）
The Inner and Outer Shock Layers of Bow Shocks in Cataclysmic Variables
Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences（波兰科学院尼古拉·哥白尼天文学中心）；School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton（南安普顿大学物理与天文学院）；Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Department of Physics, Durham University（达勒姆大学物理系河外天文研究中心）；INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte（意大利国家天体物理研究所卡波迪蒙特天文台）；Astronomy and Astrophysics Group, Department of Physics, University of Warwick（华威大学物理系天文与天体物理学组）；Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology（查尔姆斯理工大学空间、地球与环境系）；Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC)（空间科学研究所（西班牙高等科学研究理事会））；Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC)（加泰罗尼亚空间研究研究所）
Stellar bow shocks are observed in a variety of interstellar environments and are shaped by the conditions of gas in the interstellar medium (ISM). In situ measurements of turbulent density fluctuations near stellar bow shocks are only achievable with a few observational probes, including H$α$ emitting bow shocks and the Voyager Interstellar Mission (VIM). In this paper, we examine density variations around the Guitar Nebula, an H$α$ bow shock associated with PSR B2224$+$65, in tandem with density variations probed by VIM near the boundary of the solar wind and ISM. High-resolution Hubble Spac…
A targeted radio survey of infrared-selected bow shock candidates
Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP)（波茨坦阿斯特罗物理学会莱布尼茨研究所）；Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Astronomía（墨西哥国立自治大学天文学研究所）；Instituto de Radioastronomía y Astrofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México（墨西哥国立自治大学射电天文与天体物理研究所）；Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam（波茨坦大学物理与天文学研究所）；Astronomy & Astrophysics Section, School of Cosmic Physics, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, DIAS Dunsink Observatory（都柏林高等研究院宇宙物理学院天文与天体物理系邓辛克天文台）；School of Physics, University College Dublin（都柏林大学学院物理学院）；Purple Mountain Observatory, and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院紫金山天文台射电天文重点实验室）；Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie（马克斯·普朗克射电天文研究所）；National Radio Astronomy Observatory（美国国家射电天文台）
Citizen science has helped astronomers comb through large data sets to identify patterns and objects that are not easily found through automated processes. The Milky Way Project (MWP), a citizen science initiative on the Zooniverse platform, presents internet users with infrared (IR) images from Spitzer Space Telescope Galactic plane surveys. MWP volunteers make classification drawings on the images to identify targeted classes of astronomical objects. We present the MWP second data release (DR2) and an updated data reduction pipeline written in Python. We aggregate ${\sim}3$ million classific…
Dust waves are a result of gas-grain decoupling in a stream of dusty plasma that flows past a luminous star. The radiation field is sufficiently strong to overcome the collisional coupling between grains and gas at a "rip-point", where the ratio of radiation pressure to gas pressure exceeds a critical value of roughly 1000. When the rip point occurs outside the hydrodynamic bow shock, a separate dust wave may form, decoupled from the gas shell, which can either be drag-confined or inertia-confined, depending on the stream density and relative velocity. In the drag-confined case, there is a min…
We study the polarization produced by scattering from dust in a bow shock-shaped region of enhanced density surrounding a stellar source, using the Monte Carlo radiative transfer code SLIP. Bow shocks are structures formed by the interaction of the winds of fast-moving stars with the interstellar medium. Our previous study focused on the polarization produced in these structures by electron scattering; we showed that polarization is highly dependent on inclination angle and that multiple scattering changes the shape and degree of polarization. In contrast to electron scattering, dust scatterin…
最新的恒星弓激波观测（Peri et al. 2012）列出了28个在红外波段探测到的与大质量、早期型恒星相关的候选恒星，最大可达3kpc，并给出了这些恒星结构的几何参数。在对每个源的恒星风功率、红外通量、恒星辐射光度和射电通量极限进行估算后，我在这里提出了一些能量学方面的考虑。相对论粒子加速的最佳候选人被突出显示。
Dragonfly Focused Research Organization（Dragonfly 专注研究机构）；Yale University（耶鲁大学）；University of Toronto（多伦多大学）；NRC Herzberg Astronomy & Astrophysics Research Centre（加拿大国家研究委员会赫茨伯格天文学与天体物理研究中心）
Experimental investigations of the fine plasma structure of interplanetary shocks are extremely difficult to conduct due to their small thickness and high speed relative to the spacecraft. We study the variations in the parameters of twice-ionized helium ions (4He++ ions or α-particles) in the solar wind plasma during the passage of interplanetary shocks and Earth's bow shock. We use data with high time resolution gathered by the BMSW (Bright Monitor of Solar Wind) instrument installed on the SPEKTR-R satellite, which operated between August 2011 and 2019. The MHD parameters of He++ ions (the …
Shock formation around planets orbiting M-dwarf stars
弓激波可以在行星周围形成，因为它们与宿主恒星的日冕介质相互作用。撞击行星的粒子的净速度决定了冲击波的方向。在地球轨道上，（主要是径向的）太阳风是形成朝向太阳的激波的主要原因。然而，对于具有高开普勒速度的近距离行星，并且经常位于主恒星的风仍在加速的区域，冲击可能会在行星前面发展。如果被压缩的物质能够吸收恒星辐射，那么在凌日期间就可以观察到弓形激波的特征。在一系列论文中（Vidotto et al. 2010，2011，a，b; Llama et al. 2011）已经研究了已知凌日系统的弓形激波模型。一旦观测到弓形激波的特征，就可以推断出过境行星的磁场强度。在这里，我们调查的潜力，使用这个模型来检测磁场（假设）的行星轨道内的宜居带的M-矮星。对于这些情况下，我们表明，通过辐射转移模拟，检测的弓形激波的行星周围的M-矮星可能比在靠近太阳型恒星的巨行星的情况下更困难。
