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arXiv 1310.2245astro-ph.SR
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IRC-10414:一颗产生弓形激波的红超巨星

IRC-10414: a bow-shock-producing red supergiant star

V. V. Gvaramadze, K. M. Menten, A. Y. Kniazev, N. Langer, J. Mackey, A. Kraus, D. M. -A. Meyer, T. Kaminski

摘要:

大多数失控的OB星,就像大多数居住在母星团中的大质量恒星一样,在其一生中都会经历红超巨星(RSG)阶段。尽管如此,尽管有数十颗大质量逃逸星被发现与弓形激波有关,但迄今为止只有两颗RSG弓形激波产生恒星,参宿四和μCep。在本文中,我们报告了利用超级宇宙H-α巡天在晚期M型恒星IRC-10414周围发现的一个弧形星云。我们用南部非洲大望远镜(SALT)对IRC-10414进行的光谱跟踪表明,它是一颗M7超巨星,这支持了之前基于其脉泽发射观测的关于这颗恒星RSG性质的说法。这是加强了我们的新的无线电和(亚)毫米波长的分子线观测与阿塔卡马探路者实验(APEX)12米望远镜和Effelsberg 100米射电望远镜,分别。星云的SALT光谱表明,它的辐射是激波激发的结果。这一发现,连同星云的弧形形状和IRC-10414的空间速度估计(\approx 70 \pm 20 km/s),意味着星云的弓形激波解释。因此,IRC-10414代表了产生弓形激波的RSG的第三种情况,以及在光学波长处可见弓形激波的第一种情况。我们讨论了IRC-10414和参宿四周围的弓形激波的平滑外观,并提出RSG产生的弓形激波稳定的必要条件之一是恒星风的电离。提出并讨论了IRC-10414风的可能电离源。

英文摘要:

Most runaway OB stars, like the majority of massive stars residing in their parent clusters, go through the red supergiant (RSG) phase during their lifetimes. Nonetheless, although many dozens of massive runaways were found to be associated with bow shocks, only two RSG bow-shock-producing stars, Betelgeuse and μCep, are known to date. In this paper, we report the discovery of an arc-like nebula around the late M-type star IRC-10414 using the SuperCOSMOS H-alpha Survey. Our spectroscopic follow-up of IRC-10414 with the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT) showed that it is a M7 supergiant, which supports previous claims on the RSG nature of this star based on observations of its maser emission. This was reinforced by our new radio- and (sub)millimeter-wavelength molecular line observations made with the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment (APEX) 12 meter telescope and the Effelsberg 100 m radio telescope, respectively. The SALT spectrum of the nebula indicates that its emission is the result of shock excitation. This finding along with the arc-like shape of the nebula and an estimate of the space velocity of IRC-10414 (\approx 70\pm20 km/s) imply the bow shock interpretation for the nebula. Thus, IRC-10414 represents the third case of a bow-shock-producing RSG and the first one with a bow shock visible at optical wavelengths. We discuss the smooth appearance of the bow shocks around IRC-10414 and Betelgeuse and propose that one of the necessary conditions for stability of bow shocks generated by RSGs is the ionization of the stellar wind. Possible ionisation sources of the wind of IRC-10414 are proposed and discussed.

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