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arXiv 1408.2828astro-ph.SR
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通过银道面运动的大质量逃逸恒星的星周介质模型

Models of the circumstellar medium of evolving, massive runaway stars moving through the Galactic plane

D. M. -A. Meyer, J. Mackey, N. Langer, V. V. Gvaramadze, A. Mignone, R. G. Izzard, L. Kaper

摘要:

至少有5%的大质量恒星在星际介质中以超音速运动,预计会产生恒星风弓形激波。我们探讨如何质量损失和空间速度的大规模失控的恒星影响其弓激波的形态。我们运行二维轴对称流体动力学模拟的这些恒星在银河系平面的拱星介质的演变从主序列的红超巨星阶段。我们发现热传导是控制热星周围弓激波形状、大小和结构的重要过程,它们具有主要由禁戒线产生的光学光度,例如[OIII]。热星周围弓形激波的Ha辐射来源于它们的接触间断附近。冷恒星周围弓形激波的H $α$发射来自它们的前向激波,并且对于我们模拟的弓形激波来说太微弱而无法观察到。光学薄辐射的发射主要来自于受冲击的ISM材料。所有弓形激波模型在红外波段都更亮,即红外波段是搜索弓形激波最合适的波段。我们的研究表明,红外辐射来自附近的接触不连续的热星的弓激波和来自内部区域的冲击风周围的冷星的弓激波。我们预测,在银河平面,最明亮的,即最容易检测到的弓形激波是由高质量的恒星以小的空间速度移动。

英文摘要:

At least 5 per cent of the massive stars are moving supersonically through the interstellar medium (ISM) and are expected to produce a stellar wind bow shock. We explore how the mass loss and space velocity of massive runaway stars affect the morphology of their bow shocks. We run two-dimensional axisymmetric hydrodynamical simulations following the evolution of the circumstellar medium of these stars in the Galactic plane from the main sequence to the red supergiant phase. We find that thermal conduction is an important process governing the shape, size and structure of the bow shocks around hot stars, and that they have an optical luminosity mainly produced by forbidden lines, e.g. [OIII]. The Ha emission of the bow shocks around hot stars originates from near their contact discontinuity. The H$α$ emission of bow shocks around cool stars originates from their forward shock, and is too faint to be observed for the bow shocks that we simulate. The emission of optically-thin radiation mainly comes from the shocked ISM material. All bow shock models are brighter in the infrared, i.e. the infrared is the most appropriate waveband to search for bow shocks. Our study suggests that the infrared emission comes from near the contact discontinuity for bow shocks of hot stars and from the inner region of shocked wind for bow shocks around cool stars. We predict that, in the Galactic plane, the brightest, i.e. the most easily detectable bow shocks are produced by high-mass stars moving with small space velocities.

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