失落的一环？富氮星PG 1159 PG 1144+005中脉动的发现
The Missing Link? Discovery of Pulsations in the Nitrogen-rich PG 1159 Star PG 1144+005
摘要：
高达98%的单颗恒星最终将成为白矮星-连接银河系历史和未来演化的恒星，其先前的演化刻在其内部。这些内部可以用星震学研究，利用恒星脉动作为地震波。DA和DB白矮星的脉动不稳定带是纯的，这使得它们的内部结构代表了所有DA和DB白矮星的内部结构。对于最热的脉动白矮星，GW Vir恒星来说，情况并非如此：在这个区域中，只有大约50%的白矮星有脉动。根据不同的元素丰度、金属丰度和氦含量，已经提出了几种解释GW Vir不稳定带的杂质。令人惊讶的是，有一个二分法，只有富含氮的恒星，它本身不能引起脉动驱动，脉动-唯一的例外是富含氮的非制冷剂PG 1144+005。在这里，我们根据新的观测报告了PG 1144+005中脉动的发现。我们确定了四个频率区域：40、55、97和112天$^{-1}$，振幅低且可变，约为3-6 mmag，因此证实了氮二分法。由于氮是揭示热白矮星中极晚期热脉冲（VLTP）先前发生的微量元素，我们推测，正是这种VLTP提供了制造GW Vir振荡器所需的内部结构。
英文摘要：
Up to 98% of all single stars will eventually become white dwarfs - stars that link the history and future evolution of the Galaxy, and whose previous evolution is engraved in their interiors. Those interiors can be studied using asteroseismology, utilizing stellar pulsations as seismic waves. The pulsational instability strips of DA and DB white dwarf stars are pure, allowing the important generalization that their interior structure represents that of all DA and DB white dwarfs. This is not the case for the hottest pulsating white dwarfs, the GW Vir stars: only about 50% of white dwarfs in this domain pulsate. Several explanations for the impurity of the GW Vir instability strip have been proposed, based on different elemental abundances, metallicity, and helium content. Surprisingly, there is a dichotomy that only stars rich in nitrogen, which by itself cannot cause pulsation driving, pulsate - the only previous exception being the nitrogen-rich non-pulsator PG 1144+005. Here, we report the discovery of pulsations in PG 1144+005 based on new observations. We identified four frequency regions: 40, 55, 97, and 112 day$^{-1}$ with low and variable amplitudes of about 3-6 mmag and therefore confirm the nitrogen dichotomy. As nitrogen is a trace element revealing the previous occurrence of a very late thermal pulse (VLTP) in hot white dwarf stars, we speculate that it is this VLTP that provides the interior structure required to make a GW Vir pulsator.
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