我窥见凌星与脉动：利用 Gaia 与 Zwicky 瞬变设施研究白矮星的经验变率
I Spy Transits and Pulsations: Empirical Variability in White Dwarfs Using Gaia and the Zwicky Transient Facility
AI总结：
本文利用 Gaia DR2 与 ZTF DR3 测光中的异常超额弥散构建变源探测方法，并在约 12,100 颗白矮星样本中高效识别出大量新的脉动白矮星及五颗可能的凌星碎片系统，验证了方法的有效性。
摘要：
我们提出一种新方法，利用 Gaia DR2 与 Zwicky 瞬变设施（ZTF）DR3 公开星表重复测光中的异常超额弥散来探测可变天体物理对象与瞬变现象。我们首先仅使用 Gaia DR2 测光，并以白矮星为校准样本，给出一个通用的全天变率代理指标。为确保候选体探测更稳健，我们进一步采用一种将 Gaia 与 ZTF 测光及警报相结合的方法。为展示其有效性，我们将后一种技术应用于约 12,100 颗位于 200 pc 内、以 ZZ Ceti 不稳定带为中心的白矮星样本，该区域已知存在氢大气白矮星的脉动。通过检查这些方法排序的前 1% 样本，我们证明仅用 Gaia 和结合 ZTF 信息的技术都能高效识别已知和新的变光白矮星，并通过后续高速测光加以验证。我们在前 1% 最高排名候选体中观测的 33 颗白矮星中，确认了全部 33 颗（100%）具有变光性，且这些天体既位于 ZZ Ceti 不稳定带之内，也位于其外。除数十颗新脉动白矮星外，我们还识别出五颗极可能显示凌星行星碎片的白矮星；若得到确认，这些系统将使已知存在凌星碎片的白矮星数量增加两倍以上。
英文摘要：
We present a novel method to detect variable astrophysical objects and transient phenomena using anomalous excess scatter in repeated measurements from public catalogs of Gaia DR2 and Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) DR3 photometry. We first provide a generalized, all-sky proxy for variability using only Gaia DR2 photometry, calibrated to white dwarf stars. To ensure more robust candidate detection, we further employ a method combining Gaia with ZTF photometry and alerts. To demonstrate the efficacy, we apply this latter technique to a sample of roughly $12,100$ white dwarfs within 200 pc centered on the ZZ Ceti instability strip, where hydrogen-atmosphere white dwarfs are known to pulsate. Through inspecting the top $1\%$ samples ranked by these methods, we demonstrate that both the Gaia-only and ZTF-informed techniques are highly effective at identifying known and new variable white dwarfs, which we verify using follow-up, high-speed photometry. We confirm variability in all 33 out of 33 ($100\%$) observed white dwarfs within our top $1\%$ highest-ranked candidates, both inside and outside the ZZ Ceti instability strip. In addition to dozens of new pulsating white dwarfs, we also identify five white dwarfs highly likely to show transiting planetary debris; if confirmed, these systems would more than triple the number of white dwarfs known to host transiting debris.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
