利用 Zwicky Transient Facility 探测双峰 Ibc 型超新星的超新星前质量损失
Probing pre-supernova mass loss in double-peaked Type Ibc supernovae from the Zwicky Transient Facility
AI总结：
研究分析 ZTF 中 14 颗双峰 Ibc 型超新星，通过早期峰值、测光与光谱性质约束超新星前质量损失，并区分双星质量转移及波或脉动对不稳定性驱动机制。
摘要：
大质量恒星在超新星（SN）爆发前的喷发式质量损失，是理解其演化和最终命运的关键。超新星前质量损失的一个观测特征，是在超新星光变曲线中由放射性供能的峰值之前，探测到一个早期、短暂的峰值。这通常归因于超新星激波穿过延展包层或星周介质（CSM）。这种早期峰值在具有延展氢包层的双峰 IIb 型超新星中很常见，但在前身星非常致密的普通 Ibc 型超新星中并不常见。本文系统研究了 Zwicky Transient Facility 探测到的 475 颗 Ibc 型超新星中的 14 颗双峰 Ibc 型超新星样本。这类事件的比例约占 Ibc 型超新星的 3–9%。研究发现第一个峰值与第二个峰值的峰值亮度之间存在强相关。我们对该样本的测光和光谱性质进行了整体分析。我们发现 6 颗超新星的抛射物质量小于 1.5 Msun。基于星云光谱和光变曲线性质，我们估计这些超新星的前身星质量小于约 12 Msun。其余超新星的抛射物质量大于 2.4 Msun，并具有更高的前身星质量。该样本表明，低前身星质量的超新星经历了晚期双星质量转移。同时，较高前身星质量的超新星与波驱动质量损失或脉动对不稳定性驱动质量损失的模拟结果相符。
英文摘要：
Eruptive mass loss of massive stars prior to supernova (SN) explosion is key to understanding their evolution and end fate. An observational signature of pre-SN mass loss is the detection of an early, short-lived peak prior to the radioactive-powered peak in the lightcurve of the SN. This is usually attributed to the SN shock passing through an extended envelope or circumstellar medium (CSM). Such an early peak is common for double-peaked Type IIb SNe with an extended Hydrogen envelope but is uncommon for normal Type Ibc SNe with very compact progenitors. In this paper, we systematically study a sample of 14 double-peaked Type Ibc SNe out of 475 Type Ibc SNe detected by the Zwicky Transient Facility. The rate of these events is ~ 3-9 % of Type Ibc SNe. A strong correlation is seen between the peak brightness of the first and the second peak. We perform a holistic analysis of this sample's photometric and spectroscopic properties. We find that six SNe have ejecta mass less than 1.5 Msun. Based on the nebular spectra and lightcurve properties, we estimate that the progenitor masses for these are less than ~ 12 Msun. The rest have an ejecta mass > 2.4 Msun and a higher progenitor mass. This sample suggests that the SNe with low progenitor masses undergo late-time binary mass transfer. Meanwhile, the SNe with higher progenitor masses are consistent with wave-driven mass loss or pulsation-pair instability-driven mass loss simulations.
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