A topological space $X$ is Baire if the intersection of any sequence of open dense subsets of $X$ is dense in $X$. Let $C_p(X,[0,1])$ denote the space of all continuous $[0,1]$-valued functions on a Tychonoff space $X$ with the topology of pointwise convergence. In this paper, we have obtained a characterization when the function space $C_p(X,[0,1])$ is Baire for a Tychonoff space $X$ all separable closed subsets of which are $C$-embedded. In particular, this characterization is true for normal spaces and, hence, for metrizable spaces. Moreover, we obtained that the space $C_p(X,[0,1])$ is Baire, if and only if, the space $Cp(X,K)$ is Baire for a Peano continuum $K$.
This paper introduces the ring of all real valued Baire one functions, denoted by $B_1(X)$ and also the ring of all real valued bounded Baire one functions, denoted by $B_1^*(X)$. Though the resemblance between $C(X)$ and $B_1(X)$ is the focal theme of this paper, it is observed that unlike $C(X)$ and $C^*(X)$ (real valued bounded continuous functions), $B_1^*(X)$ is a proper subclass of $B_1(X)$ in almost every non-trivial situation. Introducing $B_1$-embedding and $B_1^*$-embedding, several analogous results, especially, an analogue of Urysohn's extension theorem is established.
Let $X$ be a topological space. Let $X_0 \subseteq X$ be a second countable subspace. Also, assume that $X$ is first countable at any point of $X_0$. Then we provide some conditions under which we ensure that $X_0$ is not Baire.
A sufficient condition for the insertion of a contra-continuous (resp. Baire-one) function between two comparable real-valued functions is given on the topological spaces that L-sets are open (resp. G-delta-sets).
We prove that if X is a separable metric space with the Hurewicz covering property, then the Banach-Mazur game played on X is determined. The implication is not true when "Hurewicz covering property" is replaced with "Menger covering property".
We prove the following two results. 1. If $X$ is a completely regular space such that for every topological space $Y$ each separately continuous function $f:X\times Y\to\mathbb R$ is of the first Baire class, then every Lindelöf subspace of $X$ bijectively continuously maps onto a separable metrizable space. 2. If $X$ is a Baire space, $Y$ is a compact space and $f:X\times Y\to\mathbb R$ is a separately continuous function which is a Baire measurable function, then there exists a dense in $X$ $G_δ$-set $A$ such that $f$ is jointly continuous at every point of $A\times Y$ (this gives a positive…
A compact space $X$ is called $π$-monolithic if for any surjective continuous mapping $f:X\rightarrow K$ where $K$ is a metrizable compact space there exists a metrizable compact space $T\subseteq X$ such that $f(T)=K$. A topological space $X$ is Baire if the intersection of any sequence of open dense subsets of $X$ is dense in $X$. Let $C_p(X,Y)$ denote the space of all continuous $Y$- valued functions $C(X,Y)$ on a Tychonoff space $X$ with the topology of pointwise convergence. In this paper we have proved that for a totally disconnected space $X$ the space $C_p(X,\{0,1\})$ is Baire if, and …
We prove some consistency results concerning the Moving Off Property for locally compact spaces and thus the question of whether their function spaces are Baire.
We consider a real-valued function $f$ defined on the set of infinite branches $X$ of a countably branching pruned tree $T$. The function $f$ is said to be a \textit{limsup function} if there is a function $u \colon T \to \mathbb{R}$ such that $f(x) = \limsup_{t \to \infty} u(x_{0},\dots,x_{t})$ for each $x \in X$. We study a game characterization of limsup functions, as well as a novel game characterization of functions of Baire class 1.
A fundamental result proved by Bourgain, Fremlin and Talagrand states that the space $B_1(M)$ of Baire one functions over a Polish space $M$ is an angelic space. Stegall extended this result by showing that the class $B_1(M,E)$ of Baire one functions valued in a normed space $E$ is angelic. These results motivate our study of various topological properties in the classes $B_α(X,G)$ of Baire-$α$ functions, where $α$ is a nonzero countable ordinal, $G$ is a metrizable non-precompact abelian group and $X$ is a $G$-Tychonoff first countable space. In particular, we show that (1) $B_α(X,G)$ is a $κ…
The purpose of this paper is to define for every Polish space $X$ a class of sets, the $EBP(X)$-sets or the extended Baire property sets, to work out many properties of the $EBP(X)$-sets and to show their usefulness in analysis. For example, a proper generalization of the Pettis Theorem is proved in this context that furnishes a new automatic continuity result for Polish groups. The name extended Baire property sets is reasonable since $EBP(X)$ contains the Baire property sets $BP(X)$ and it is consistent with ZFC that the containment is proper.
We present a wide class of reflexive, precompact, non-compact, Abelian topological groups $G$ determined by three requirements. They must have the Baire property, satisfy the \textit{open refinement condition}, and contain no infinite compact subsets. This combination of properties guarantees that all compact subsets of the dual group $G^\wedge$ are finite. We also show that many (non-reflexive) precompact Abelian groups are quotients of reflexive precompact Abelian groups. This includes all precompact almost metrizable groups with the Baire property and their products. Finally, given a compac…
We study strongly separately continuous real-valued function defined on the Banach spaces $\ell_p$. Determining sets for the class of strongly separately continuous functions on $\ell_p$ are characterized. We prove that for every $1\le α<ω_1$ there exists a strongly separately continuous function which belongs the $(α+1)$'th Baire class and does not belong to the $α$'th Baire class on $\ell_p$. We show that any open set in $\ell_p$ is the set of discontinuities of a strongly separately continuous real-valued function.
We prove that on the Baire space $(D^κ,π)$, $κ\geq ω_0$ where $D$ is a uniformly discrete space having $ω_1$-strongly compact cardinal and $π$ denotes the product uniformity on $D^κ$, there exists a $z_u$-filter $\mathcal{F}$ being Cauchy for the uniformity $eπ$ having as a base all the countable uniform partitions of $(D^κ,π)$, and failing the countable intersection property. This fact is equivalent to the existence of a non-vanishing real-valued uniformly continuous function $f$ on $D^κ$ for which the inverse function $g=1/f$ cannot be continuously extended to the completion of $(D^{κ_0},eπ)…
The classical Banach-Mazur game is directly related to the Baire property and the property of being a productively Baire space. In this paper, we discuss two variations of this classic game that are even more related to these properties.
Lindelöf-type properties of spaces of Baire-one functions
Krasovskii Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics, Ural Federal University（克拉索夫斯基数学力学研究所，乌拉尔联邦大学）；Department of General Topology and Geometry, Mechanics and Mathematics Faculty, M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University（莫斯科国立大学机械与数学系一般拓扑与几何教研室）
We prove that for a stratifiable scattered space $X$ of finite scattered height, the function space $C_k(X)$ endowed with the compact-open topology is Baire if and only if $X$ has the Moving Off Property of Gruenhage and Ma. As a byproduct of the proof we establish many interesting Baire category properties of the function spaces $C_k'(X,Y)=\{f\in C_k(X,Y):f(X')\subset\{*_Y\}\}$, where $X$ is a topological space, $X'$ is the set of non-isolated points of $X$, and $Y$ is a topological space with a distinguished point $*_Y$.
According to a result of Kocinac and Scheepers, the Hurewicz covering property is equivalent to a somewhat simpler selection property: For each sequence of large open covers of the space one can choose finitely many elements from each cover to obtain a groupable cover of the space. We simplify the characterization further by omitting the need to consider sequences of covers: A set of reals $X$ satisfies the Hurewicz property if, and only if, each large open cover of $X$ contains a groupable subcover. This solves in the affirmative a problem of Scheepers. The proof uses a rigorously justified a…
All spaces are assumed to be separable and metrizable. Consider the following properties of a space $X$. (1) $X$ is Polish. (2) For every countable crowded $Q\subseteq X$ there exists a crowded $Q'\subseteq Q$ with compact closure. (3) Every closed subspace of $X$ is either scattered or it contains a homeomorphic copy of $2^ω$. (4) Every closed subspace of $X$ is a Baire space. While (4) is the well-known property of being completely Baire, properties (2) and (3) have been recently introduced by Kunen, Medini and Zdomskyy, who named them the Miller property and the Cantor-Bendixson property re…
In this article, we continue our study of Baire one functions on a topological space $X$, denoted by $B_1(X)$ and extend the well known M. H. Stones's theorem from $C(X)$ to $B_1(X)$. Introducing the structure space of $B_1(X)$, it is observed that $X$ may not be embedded inside this structure space. This observation inspired us to build a space $\mathcal{M}(B_1(X))/\sim$, from the structure space of $B_1(X)$ and to show that $X$ is densely embedded in $\mathcal{M}(B_1(X))/\sim$. It is further established that it is a $T_0$-compactification of $X$. Such compactification of $X$ possesses the ex…
In this paper, we shall study categorial properties of the hyperspace of all nontrivial convergent sequences $\mathcal{S}_c(X)$ of a Freéch-Urysohn space $X$, this hyperspace is equipped with the Vietoris topology. We mainly prove that $\mathcal{S}_c(X)$ is meager whenever $X$ is a crowded space, as a corollary we obtain that if $\mathcal{S}_c(X)$ is Baire, the $X$ has a dense subset of isolated points. As an interesting example $\mathcal{S}_c(ω_1)$ has the Baire property, where $ω_1$ carries the order topology (this answers a question from \cite{sal-yas}). We can give more examples like this …
A topological space $Y$ is called a Kempisty space if for any Baire space $X$ every function $f:X\times Y\to\mathbb R$, which is quasi-continuous in the first variable and continuous in the second variable has the Namioka property. Properties of compact Kempisty spaces are studied in this paper. In particular, it is shown that any Valdivia compact is a Kempisty space and the cartesian product of an arbitrary family of compact Kempisty spaces is a Kempisty space.
This paper studies various completeness properties of the open-point and bi-point-open topologies on the space C(X) of all real-valued continuous functions on a Tychonoff space X. The properties range from complete metrizability to the Baire space property.
We find sufficient conditions under which the product of spaces that have a $π$-tree also has a $π$-tree. These conditions give new examples of spaces with a $π$-tree: every at most countable power of the Sorgenfrey line and every at most countable power of the irrational Sorgenfrey line has a $π\!$-tree. Also we show that if a space has a $π$-tree, then its product with the Baire space, with the Sorgenfrey line, and with the countable power of the Sorgenfrey line also has a $π$-tree.
Let $Y$ be a metrizable space containing at least two points, and let $X$ be a $Y_{\mathcal{I}}$-Tychonoff space for some ideal $\mathcal{I}$ of compact sets of $X$. Denote by $C_{\mathcal{I}}(X,Y)$ the space of continuous functions from $X$ to $Y$ endowed with the $\mathcal{I}$-open topology. We prove that $C_{\mathcal{I}}(X,Y)$ is Fréchet - Urysohn iff $X$ has the property $γ_{\mathcal{I}}$. We characterize zero - dimensional Tychonoff spaces $X$ for which the space $C_{\mathcal{I}}(X,{\bf 2})$ is sequential. Extending the classical theorems of Gerlits, Nagy and Pytkeev we show that if $Y$ i…
It is studied a connection between the separability and the countable chain condition of spaces with the $L$-property (a topological space $X$ has the $L$-property if for every topological space $Y$, separately continuous function $f:X\times Y\to\mathbb R$ and open set $I\subseteq \mathbb R$ the set $f^{-1}(I)$ is a $F_σ$-set). We show that every completely regular Baire space with the $L$-property and the countable chain condition is separable and construct a nonseparable completely regular space with the $L$-property and the countable chain condition. This gives a negative answer to a questi…
A topological gyrogroup is a gyrogroup endowed with a topology such that the binary operation is jointly continuous and the inverse mapping is also continuous. In this paper, it is proved that if $G$ is a sequential topological gyrogroup with an $ω^ω$-base, then $G$ has the strong Pytkeev property. Moreover, some equivalent conditions about $ω^ω$-base and strong Pytkeev property are given in Baire topological gyrogroups. Finally, it is shown that if $G$ is a strongly countably complete strongly topological gyrogroup, then $G$ contains a closed, countably compact, admissible subgyrogroup $P$ su…
In 1987, A.V. Pestryakov proved a series of theorems for cardinal functions of the space $B_α(X)$ of all real-valued functions of Baire class $α$ $(α> 0)$, and he conjectured that most of these theorems are true for spaces containing all finite linear combinations of characteristic functions of zero-sets in $X$. In this paper we investigate for which theorems of Pestriakov generalizations are valid. Also we prove some additional propositions for function spaces applying the theory of selection principles.
In this note we present a ZFC construction of a non-meager filter which fails to be countable dense homogeneous. This answers a question of Hernández-Gutiérrez and Hrušák. The method of the proof also allows us to obtain a metrizable Baire topological group which is strongly locally homogeneous but not countable dense homogeneous.
This paper deals with different concepts for characterizing the size of mathematical objects. A game theoretic investigation and generalization of two size concepts, which can both be formulated in topological terms, is provided: the so called "Baire category" and the "$σ$-category". This is mainly done by means of (generalized) Banach-Mazur games using the Axiom of determinacy (the inconsistency of AC and AD is reflected in the beginning and a weaker form of AC is chosen for proofs). Analogue versions of Cantor-Bendixson and Heine-Borel are proofed as well as some definability results. Such s…
For a Tychonoff space $X$, we will denote by $USC_{p}(X)$ ($B_1(X)$) a set of all real-valued upper semicontinuous functions (a set of all Baire functions of class 1) defined on $X$ endowed with the pointwise convergence topology. In this paper we describe a class of Tychonoff spaces $X$ for which the space $USC_{p}(X)$ is sequentially separable. Unexpectedly, it turns out that this class coincides with the class of spaces for which a stronger form of the sequential separability for the space $B_1(X)$ holds.
We study the relationship between generalizations of $P$-spaces and Volterra (weakly Volterra) spaces, that is, spaces where every two dense $G_δ$ have dense (non-empty) intersection. In particular, we prove that every dense and every open, but not every closed subspace of an almost $P$-space is Volterra and that there are Tychonoff non-weakly Volterra weak $P$-spaces. These results should be compared with the fact that every $P$-space is hereditarily Volterra. As a byproduct we obtain an example of a hereditarily Volterra space and a hereditarily Baire space whose product is not weakly Volter…
In this article, we give a full description of a topological many-one degree structure of real-valued functions, recently introduced by Day-Downey-Westrick. We also point out that their characterization of the Bourgain rank of a Baire-one function of compact Polish domain can be extended to noncompact Polish domain. Finally, we clarify the relationship between the Martin conjecture and Day-Downey-Westrick's topological Turing-like reducibility, also known as parallelized continuous strong Weihrauch reducibility, for single-valued functions: Under the axiom of determinacy, we show that the cont…
Borel 1 type mappings and the respective equi-families
Lodz University of Technology（罗兹理工大学）；Academiy of Sciences, Institute of Mathematics（科学院数学研究所）；Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce（凯尔采扬科扎诺夫斯基大学）；Yurii Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University（尤里·费德科维奇切尔诺夫策国立大学）；University of Gdańsk（格但斯克大学）
In this paper, we consider inverse limits of $[0,1]$ using upper semicontinuous set-valued functions. We introduce two generalizations of the Intermediate Value Property and prove that inverse limits with upper semicontinuous set-valued bonding functions are connected if the bonding functions are surjective, have connected graphs, and have either generalization of the Intermediate Value Property. Examples are given to demonstrate that if any of the conditions is dropped, the result does not hold in general. An example is given to show that an inverse limit may be connected even if the bonding …
We provide several characterizations of the Lebesgue property for fuzzy metric spaces. It is known that a fuzzy metric space is Lebesgue if and only if every real-valued continuous function is uniformly continuous. Here we show that it suffices to examine uniform continuity of bounded real-valued continuous functions for characterizing Lebesgue property in fuzzy setting.
A classical theorem of Hurewicz characterizes spaces with the Hurewicz covering property as those having bounded continuous images in the Baire space. We give a similar characterization for spaces X which have the Hurewicz property hereditarily. We proceed to consider the class of Arhangel'skii alpha_1 spaces, for which every sheaf at a point can be amalgamated in a natural way. Let C_p(X) denote the space of continuous real-valued functions on X with the topology of pointwise convergence. Our main result is that C_p(X) is an alpha_1 space if, and only if, each Borel image of X in the Baire sp…
Countably infinite groups (with a fixed underlying set) constitute a Polish space $G$ with a suitable metric, hence the Baire category theorem holds in $G$. We study isomorphism invariant subsets of $G$, which we call group properties. We say that the generic countably infinite group is of property $P$ if $P$ is comeager in $G$. We prove that every group property with the Baire property is either meager or comeager. We show that there is a comeager elementary equivalence class in $G$ but every isomorphism class is meager. We prove that the generic group is algebraically closed, simple, not fin…
We consider the Banach space consisting of continuous functions from an arbitrary uncountable compact metric space, $X$, into $\mathbb{R}^n$. The key question is `what is the generic dimension of $f(X)$?' and we consider two different approaches to answering it: Baire category and prevalence. In the Baire category setting we prove that typically the packing and upper box dimensions are as large as possible, $n$, but find that the behaviour of the Hausdorff, lower box and topological dimensions is considerably more subtle. In fact, they are typically equal to the minimum of $n$ and the topologi…
We define a locally convex space $E$ to have the $Josefson$-$Nissenzweig$ $property$ (JNP) if the identity map $(E',σ(E',E))\to ( E',β^\ast(E',E))$ is not sequentially continuous. By the classical Josefson-Nissenzweig theorem, every infinite-dimensional Banach space has the JNP. A characterization of locally convex spaces with the JNP is given. We thoroughly study the JNP in various function spaces. Among other results we show that for a Tychonoff space $X$, the function space $C_p(X)$ has the JNP iff there is a weak$^\ast$ null-sequence $(μ_n)_{n\inω}$ of finitely supported sign-measures on $…
Using the property of being completely Baire, countable dense homogeneity and the perfect set property we will be able, under Martin's Axiom for countable posets, to distinguish non-principal ultrafilters on $ω$ up to homeomorphism. Here, we identify ultrafilters with subpaces of $2^ω$ in the obvious way. Using the same methods, still under Martin's Axiom for countable posets, we will construct a non-principal ultrafilter $\UU\subseteq 2^ω$ such that $\UU^ω$ is countable dense homogeneous. This consistently answers a question of Hrušák and Zamora Avilés. Finally, we will give some partial resu…
1. A Wikipedia entry on topological games 2. On a fragment of the universal Baire property for sigma^1_2 sets 3. The coarse classification of homogeneous ultra-metric spaces 4. Ramsey-like embeddings 5. Proper and piecewise proper families of reals 6. Measures and their random reals 7. Obtainable Sizes of Topologies on Finite Sets 8. Spaces of R-places of rational function fields 9. All properties in the Scheepers Diagram are linearly-sigma-additive.
A topological space X$ has the Frechet-Urysohn property if for each subset A of X and each element x in the closure of A, there exists a countable sequence of elements of A which converges to x. Reznichenko introduced a natural generalization of this property, where the converging sequence of elements is replaced by a sequence of disjoint finite sets which eventually intersect all neighborhoods of x. In their paper, Kocinac and Scheepers conjecture that the minimal cardinality of a set X of real numbers such that C_p(X) does not have the weak Frechet-Urysohn property is equal to b. (b is the m…
