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arXiv 2202.11510q-bio.PE
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连续迁移的两岛系统中的多样性格局和物种形成过程

Diversity patterns and speciation processes in a two-island system with continuous migration

Débora Princepe, Simone Czarnobai, Thiago M. Pradella, Rodrigo A. Caetano, Flavia M. D. Marquitti, Marcus A. M. de Aguiar, Sabrina B. L. Araujo

摘要:

地理隔离是物种形成的核心机制,但种群的完全隔离是罕见的。虽然物种形成可能会受到阻碍,如果基因流是大的,中间水平的迁移可以通过引入遗传新的半隔离的人群或建立小社区的移民,加强物种形成。在这里,我们考虑了两个岛屿的中性模型的物种与连续迁移和研究多样性模式的迁移概率,人口规模,和参与生殖隔离〈动〉<动>(被称为基因组大小)的基因数量的函数。对于小的基因组,低水平的迁移诱导了岛屿上的物种形成,否则不会发生。多样性,但是,急剧下降到一个单一的物种居住在两个岛屿的迁移概率增加。对于大的基因组,即使岛屿是严格隔离的,同域物种形成也会发生。然后,每个岛屿的物种丰富度随着迁移的可能性而增加,但物种总数随着它们成为世界性的而减少。对于每个基因组大小,每个种群大小都有一个最佳迁移强度,使物种数量最大化。我们讨论了观察到的迁移引起的物种形成模式,以及它们如何增加岛屿系统中的物种丰富度,同时促进岛屿之间的不对称性,阻碍特有性。

英文摘要:

Geographic isolation is a central mechanism of speciation, but perfect isolation of populations is rare. Although speciation can be hindered if gene flow is large, intermediate levels of migration can enhance speciation by introducing genetic novelty in the semi-isolated populations or founding small communities of migrants. Here we consider a two island neutral model of speciation with continuous migration and study diversity patterns as a function of the migration probability, population size, and number of genes involved in reproductive isolation (dubbed as genome size). For small genomes, low levels of migration induce speciation on the islands that otherwise would not occur. Diversity, however, drops sharply to a single species inhabiting both islands as the migration probability increases. For large genomes, sympatric speciation occurs even when the islands are strictly isolated. Then species richness per island increases with the probability of migration, but the total number of species decreases as they become cosmopolitan. For each genome size, there is an optimal migration intensity for each population size that maximizes the number of species. We discuss the observed modes of speciation induced by migration and how they increase species richness in the insular system while promoting asymmetry between the islands and hindering endemism.

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