蒙特卡罗模拟中达尔文净化选择与互补策略的比较
Darwinian purifying selection versus complementing strategy in Monte Carlo simulations
摘要：
基因组内重组（交换）是一种非常重要的进化机制。交叉事件不是沿着自然染色体均匀分布的。Monte Carlo模拟表明，重组频率决定了染色体和基因组的进化策略。在大的群体中，在高重组率下，达尔文的纯化选择使缺陷基因的比例保持在相对较低的水平。在小群体和低重组率下，互补单倍型策略似乎更有利。两种策略之间的切换具有相变特性，它取决于近交系数和交叉率。临界重组率也取决于染色体的大小。也有可能，在一个基因组中，一些染色体可能处于互补状态，而另一些则处于纯化选择状态。这种情况稳定了基因组进化和繁殖策略。最近在岛民人口中发现的亲属关系与生育力之间的正相关关系，似乎就是这种现象造成的。当大种群被迫进入互补策略时，会出现同域物种形成现象。
英文摘要：
Intragenomic recombination (crossover) is a very important evolutionary mechanism. The crossover events are not evenly distributed along the natural chromosomes. Monte Carlo simulations revealed that frequency of recombinations decides about the strategy of chromosomes' and genomes' evolution. In large panmictic populations, under high recombination rate the Darwinian purifying selection operates keeping the fraction of defective genes at the relatively low level. In small populations and under low recombination rate the strategy of complementing haplotypes seems to be more advantageous. Switching between the two strategies has a character of phase transition - it depends on inbreeding coefficient and crossover rate. The critical recombination rate depends also on the size of chromosome. It is also possible, that in one genome some chromosomes could be under complementing while some other under purifying selection. Such situation stabilizes genome evolution and reproduction strategy. It seems that this phenomenon can be responsible for the positive correlation between kinship and fecundity, recently found in the Islander population. When large population is forced to enter the complementing strategy, the phenomenon of sympatric speciation is observed.
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