In the present paper we prove that a necessary condition for a Banach space $X$ to admit a generating compact Lipschitz retract $K$, which satisfies an additional mild assumption on its shape, is that $X$ enjoys the Bounded Approximation Property. This is a partial solution to a question raised by Godefroy and Ozawa.
In the present paper we introduce and study the Lipschitz retractional structure of metric spaces. This topic was motivated by the analogous projectional structure of Banach spaces, a topic that has been thoroughly investigated. The more general metric setting fits well with the currently active theory of Lipschitz free spaces and spaces of Lipschitz functions. Among our applications we show that the Lipschitz free space $\mathcal{F}(X)$ is a Plichko space whenever $X$ is a Plichko Banach space. Our main results include two examples of metric spaces. The first one $M$ contains two points $\{0,…
In our note we show the very close connection between the existence of a Finite Dimensional Decomposition (FDD for short) for a separable Banach space $X$ and the existence of a Lipschitz retraction of $X$ onto a small (in a certain precise sense) generating convex and compact subset $K$ of $X$. In one direction, if $X$ admits an FDD then we construct a Lipschitz retraction onto a small generating convex and compact set $K$. On the other hand, we prove that if $X$ admits a small generating compact Lipschitz retract then $X$ has the $π$-property. We note that it is still unknown if the $π$-prop…
In the present note we give two explicit constructions (based on a retractional argument) of a Schauder basis for the Lipschitz free space $\mathcal{F}(N)$, over certain uniformly discrete metric spaces $N$. The first one applies to every net $N$ in a finite dimensional Banach space, leading to the basis constant independent of the dimension. The second one applies to grids in Banach spaces with an FDD. As a corollary, we obtain a retractional Schauder basis for the Lipschitz free space $\mathcal{F}(N)$ over a net $N$ in every Banach space $X$ with a Schauder basis containing a copy of $c_0$, …
In this paper, two main results concerning uniformly continuous retractions are proved. First, an $α$-Hölder retraction from any separable Banach space onto a compact convex subset whose closed linear span is the whole space is constructed for every positive $α<1$. This constitutes a positive solution to a Hölder version of a question raised by Godefroy and Ozawa. In fact, compact convex sets are found to be absolute $α$-Hölder retracts under certain assumption of flatness. Second, we provide an example of a strictly convex Banach space $X$ arbitrarily close to $\ell_2$ (for the Banach Mazur d…
We study the existence of a retraction from the dual space $X^*$ of a (real or complex) Banach space $X$ onto its unit ball $B_{X^*}$ which is uniformly continuous in norm topology and continuous in weak-$*$ topology. Such a retraction is called a uniformly simultaneously continuous retraction. It is shown that if $X$ has a normalized unconditional Schauder basis with unconditional basis constant 1 and $X^*$ is uniformly monotone, then a uniformly simultaneously continuous retraction from $X^*$ onto $B_{X^*}$ exists. It is also shown that if $\{X_i\}$ is a family of separable Banach spaces who…
In this paper, using sunny generalized nonexpansive retraction, we propose new extragradient and linesearch algorithms for finding a common element of the set of solutions of an equilibrium problem and the set of fixed points of a relatively nonexpansive mapping in Banach spaces. To prove strong convergence of iterates in the extragradient method, we introduce a $ϕ$-Lipschitz-type condition and assume that the equilibrium bifunction satisfies in this condition. This condition is unnecessary when the linesearch method is used instead of the extragradient method. A numerical example is given to …
For a Banach space $B$ and for a class $\A$ of its bounded closed retracts, endowed with the Hausdorff metric, we prove that retractions on elements $A \in \A$ can be chosen to depend continuously on $A$, whenever nonconvexity of each $A \in \A$ is less than $\f{1}{2}$. The key geometric argument is that the set of all uniform retractions onto an $\a-$paraconvex set (in the spirit of E. Michael) is $\frac{\a}{1-\a}-$paraconvex subset in the space of continuous mappings of $B$ into itself. For a Hilbert space $H$ the estimate $\frac{\a}{1-\a}$ can be improved to $\frac{\a (1+\a^{2})}{1-\a^{2}}$…
A class of maps in a complex Banach space is studied, which includes both unbounded linear operators and nonlinear holomorphic maps. The defining property, which we call {\sl pseudo-contractivity}, is introduced by means of the Abel averages of such maps. We show that the studied maps are dissipative in the spirit of the classical Lumer-Phillips theorem. For pseudo-contractive holomorphic maps, we establish the power convergence of the Abel averages to holomorphic retractions.
We use techniques of proof mining to extract a uniform rate of metastability (in the sense of Tao) for the strong convergence of approximants to fixed points of uniformly continuous pseudocontractive mappings in Banach spaces which are uniformly convex and uniformly smooth, i.e. a slightly restricted form of the classical result of Reich. This is made possible by the existence of a modulus of uniqueness specific to uniformly convex Banach spaces and by the arithmetization of the use of the limit superior. The metastable convergence can thus be proved in a system which has the same provably tot…
We study projectional skeletons and the Plichko property in Lipschitz-free spaces, relating these concepts to the geometry of the underlying metric space. Specifically, we identify a metric property that characterizes the Plichko property witnessed by Dirac measures in the associated Lipschitz-free space. We also show that the Lipschitz-free space of all $\mathbb{R}$-trees has the Plichko property witnessed by molecules, and define the concept of retractional trees to generalize this result to a bigger class of metric spaces. Finally, we show that no separable subspace of $\ell_\infty$ contain…
Suppose that S is a left amenable semitopological semigroup. We prove that if ${T_{t}: t \in S}$ is a uniformly k-Lipschitzian semigroup on a bounded closed and convex subset C of a Hilbert space and $k<\sqrt{2}$, then the set of fixed points of this semigroup is a Hölder continuous retract of C. This gives a qualitative complement to the Ishihara-Takahashi fixed point existence theorem.
Suppose that $X$ is a Banach space. We will show that $X$ does not contain a copy of $c_0$ if and only if for each series which is not unconditionally convergent in $X$ respective sets coding all bounded subseries and rearrangements are meager. We use Bessaga-Pełczy{ń}ski $c_0-$Theorem and concept of uniformly unconditionally bounded series. Moreover we prove similar result for the ideal boundedness for a class of Baire ideals using Talagrand's characterisation.
We show that the classes of separable reflexive Banach spaces and of spaces with separable dual are strongly bounded. This gives a new proof of a recent result of E. Odell and Th. Schlumprecht, asserting that there exists a separable reflexive Banach space containing isomorphic copies of every separable uniformly convex Banach spaces.
We prove that there exist Banach spaces not containing $\ell_1$, failing the point of continuity property and satisfying that every semi-normalized basic sequence has a boundedly complete basic subsequence. This answers in the negative the problem of the Remark 2 in H. P. Rosenthal. "Boundedly complete weak-Cauchy sequences in Banach spaces with PCP." J. Funct. Anal. 253 (2007) 772-781.
In this article we study bounded operators $T$ on Banach space $X$ which satisfy the discrete Gomilko Shi-Feng condition $$\int_{0}^{2π}|\langle R(re^{it},T)^{2}x,x^*\rangle |dt \leq \frac{C}{(r^2-1)}\norme{x}\norme{x^*},\quad r>1, x\in X, x^* \in X^*. $$ We show that it is equivalent to a certain derivative bounded functional calculus and also to a bounded functional calculus relative to Besov space. Also on Hilbert space discrete Gomilko Shi-Feng condition is equivalent to power-boundedness. Finally we discuss the last equivalence on general Banach space involving the concept of $γ$-boundedn…
Given a Banach space $E$, we ask which closed subspaces may be realised as the kernel of a bounded operator $E \rightarrow E$. We prove some positive results which imply in particular that when $E$ is separable every closed subspace is a kernel. Moreover, we show that there exists a Banach space $E$ which contains a closed subspace that cannot be realized as the kernel of any bounded operator on $E$. This implies that the Banach algebra $\mathcal{B}(E)$ of bounded operators on $E$ fails to be weak*-topologically left Noetherian. The Banach space $E$ that we use is the dual of Wark's non-separa…
In the present note we give a construction (based on a retractional argument) of a Schauder basis for the Lipschitz free space $\mathcal{F}(N)$, over a net $N$ in any separable infinite dimensional $\mathcal{L}_\infty$-space $X$. In particular, this yields the first example of an infinite dimensional Banach space $X$ not containing $c_0$ with such a property.
We study the smoothness and the norm attainment of bounded bilinear operators between Banach spaces, using the concepts of Birkhoff-James orthogonality and semi-inner-products. In the finite-dimensional case, we characterize Birkhoff-James orthogonality of bilinear operators in terms of the norm attainment set. This yields a nice characterization of smoothness of bilinear operators between Banach spaces, in the finite-dimensional case. Without any restriction on the dimension of the space, we obtain a complete characterization of the norm attainment set of a bounded bilinear operator using sem…
We classify the closed ideals of bounded operators acting on the Banach spaces $\left(\bigoplus_{n \in \mathbb{N}} \ell_2^n\right)_{c_0} \oplus c_0(Γ)$ and $\left(\bigoplus_{n \in \mathbb{N}} \ell_2^n\right)_{\ell_1} \oplus \ell_1(Γ)$ for every uncountable cardinal $Γ$.
It is known that any separable Banach space with BAP is a complemented subspace of a Banach space with a basis. We show that every operator with bounded approximation property, acting from a separable Banach space, can be factored through a Banach space with a basis.
This paper studies Schauder frames in Banach spaces, a concept which is a natural generalization of frames in Hilbert spaces and Schauder bases in Banach spaces. The associated minimal and maximal spaces are introduced, as are shrinking and boundedly complete Schauder frames. Our main results extend the classical duality theorems on bases to the situation of Schauder frames. In particular, we will generalize James' results on shrinking and boundedly complete bases to frames. Secondly we will extend his characterization of the reflexivity of spaces with unconditional bases to spaces with uncond…
We analyze the ergodic properties of power-bounded operators on a reflexive Banach space of the form "scalar plus compact-power", and show that they are almost periodic (all the orbits are conditionally compact). If such an operator is weakly mixing, then it is stable (its powers converge in the strong operator topology).Let X-ISP be the separable reflexive indecomposable Banach space constructed by Argyros and Motakis, in which every operator has an invariant subspace. We conclude that every power-bounded operator on a closed subspace of X-ISP is almost periodic.
We study the bounded and the compact weighted composition operators from the Bloch space into the weighted Banach spaces of holomorphic functions on bounded homogeneous domains, with particular attention to the unit polydisk. For bounded homogeneous domains, we characterize the bounded weighted composition operators and determine the operator norm. In addition, we provide sufficient conditions for compactness. For the unit polydisk, we completely characterize the compact weighted composition operators, as well as provide computable estimates on the operator norm.
In this paper, we will see that the Cartesian product of two 2-Banach spaces is also 2-Banach space and discuss some properties of closed linear operator in linear 2-normed space. We also describe the concept of different types of continuity of b-linear functional and derive the Uniform Boundedness Principle and Hahn-Banach extension theorem for b-linear functionals in the case of linear 2-normed spaces. We also introduce the notion of weak*convergence for the sequence of bounded b-linear functionals relative to linear 2-normed space.
The concept of b-linear functional and its different types of continuity in linear n-normed space are presented and some of their properties are being established. We derive the Uniform Boundedness Principle and Hahn-Banach extension Theorem with the help of bounded b-linear functionals in the case of linear n-normed spaces and discuss some examples and applications. Finally, we present the concept of weak*convergence for the sequence of bounded b-linear functionals in linear n-normed space.
In this paper we obtain new characterizations of the uniformly convex and smooth Banach spaces. These characterizations are established by using Lp-boundedness properties of Littlewood-Paley functions and area integrals associated with heat semigroups and involving fractional derivatives. Our results apply for instance by considering the heat semigroups defined by Hermite and Laguerre operators that do not satisfy the Markovian property.
In this paper, we prove that the generator of any bounded analytic semigroup in $(θ,1)$-type real interpolation of its domain and underlying Banach space has maximal $L^1$-regularity, using a duality argument combined with the result of maximal continuous regularity. As an application, we consider maximal $L^1$-regularity of the Dirichlet-Laplacian and the Stokes operator in inhomogeneous $B^s_{q,1}$-type Besov spaces on domains of $\mathbb R^n$, $n\geq 2$.
Consider a smooth vector field $f\colon \mathbb{R}^n\to\mathbb{R}^n$ and a maximal solution $γ\colon \,]a,b[\,\to \mathbb{R}^n$ to the ordinary differential equation $x'=f(x)$. It is a well-known fact that, if $γ$ is bounded, then $γ$ is a global solution, i.e., $\,]a,b[\,=\mathbb{R}$. We show by example that this conclusion becomes invalid if $\mathbb{R}^n$ is replaced with an infinite-dimensional Banach space.
It is shown that a locally compact group $G$ is amenable if and only if some certain closed ideals of the Figà-Talamanca-Herz algebra $A_{p}(G)$ admit bounded $Δ$-weak approximate identities. Also, similar results are obtained for the function algebras $\mathfrak{L}A(G)$ and $C_{0}^{w}(G)$.
This note aims to clarify the interrelations of certain inequivalently defined Banach spaces denoted by C^i(\barΩ) for a natural number i and a bounded open set Ω. We give some sufficient conditions for the equality of these spaces, and present examples to show that the spaces indeed can be unequal for Ωhaving irregular boundary.
We show that there exists a Banach space $E$ with the following properties: the Banach algebra $\mathscr{B}(E)$ of bounded, linear operators on $E$ has a singular extension which splits algebraically, but it does not split strongly, and the homological bidimension of $\mathscr{B}(E)$ is at least two. The first of these conclusions solves a natural problem left open by Bade, Dales, and Lykova (Mem. Amer. Math. Soc. 1999), while the second answers a question of Helemskii. The Banach space $E$ that we use was originally introduced by Read (J. London Math. Soc. 1989).
The paper deals with multidimensional Bochner-Phillips functional calculus. In the previous paper by the author bounded perturbations of Bernstein functions of several commuting semigroup generators on Banach spaces where considered, conditions for Lipschitzness and estimates for the norm of commutators of such functions where proved. Also in the one-dimensional case the Frechet differentiability of Bernstein functions of semigroup generators on Banach spaces where proved and a generalization of Livschits-Kreĭn trace formula derived. The aim of the present paper is to prove the Frechet differe…
For a countable ordinal a we denote by C_a the class of separable, reflexive Banach spaces whose Szlenk index and the Szlenk index of their dual are bounded by a. We show that each C_a admits a separable, reflexive universal space. We also show that spaces in the class C_{omega^{a*omega}} embed into spaces of the same class with a basis. As a consequence we deduce that each C_a is analytic in the Effros-Borel structure of subspaces of C[0,1].
In this paper, we study the boundedness of the Hilbert transformation in Lorentz function spaces, thereby complementing classical results of Boyd. We also characterize the optimal range of a triangular truncation operator in Schatten-Lorentz ideals. These results further entail sharp commutator estimates and applications to operator Lipschitz functions in Schatten-Lorentz ideals.
We show that on separable Banach spaces admitting a separating polynomial, any uniformly continuous, bounded, real-valued function can be uniformly approximated by Lipschitz, analytic maps on bounded sets.
This paper deals with the \emph{Bishop-Phelps-Bollobás property} (\emph{BPBp} for short) on bounded closed convex subsets of a Banach space $X$, not just on its closed unit ball $B_X$. We firstly prove that the \emph{BPBp} holds for bounded linear functionals on arbitrary bounded closed convex subsets of a real Banach space. We show that for all finite dimensional Banach spaces $X$ and $Y$ the pair $(X,Y)$ has the \emph{BPBp} on every bounded closed convex subset $D$ of $X$, and also that for a Banach space $Y$ with property $(β)$ the pair $(X,Y)$ has the \emph{BPBp} on every bounded closed ab…
We study several notions of boundedness for operators. It is known that any power bounded operator is absolutely Cesàro bounded and strong Kreiss bounded (in particular, uniformly Kreiss bounded). The converses do not hold in general. In this note, we give examples of topologically mixing absolutely Cesàro bounded operators on $\ell^p(\mathbb{N})$, $1\le p < \infty$, which are not power bounded, and provide examples of uniformly Kreiss bounded operators which are not absolutely Cesàro bounded. These results complement very limited number of known examples (see \cite{Shi} and \cite{AS}). In \ci…
A separable Banach space X contains $\ell_1$ isomorphically if and only if X has a bounded wc_0^*-stable biorthogonal system. The dual of a separable Banach space X fails the Schur property if and only if X has a bounded wc_0^*-biorthogonal system.
These notes are dedicated to the study of the complexity of several classes of separable Banach spaces. We compute the complexity of the Banach-Saks property, the alternating Banach-Saks property, the complete continuous property, and the LUST property. We also show that the weak Banach-Saks property, the Schur property, the Dunford-Pettis property, the analytic Radon-Nikodym property, the set of Banach spaces whose set of unconditionally converging operators is complemented in its bounded oper- ators, the set of Banach spaces whose set of weakly compact operators is complemented in its bounde…
We prove that every multiplier M (bounded operator commuting with the shift operator) on a large class of Banach spaces of sequences on Z is associated to a function essentially bounded by the norm of M on the spectrum of S.
In the short note we prove that for every $0<p<1$, there exists an infinite dimensional closed linear subspace of $\mathcal{L}\left( \ell_{p};\ell_{p}\right) $ every nonzero element of which is non $(r,s)$-absolutely summing operator for the real numbers $r,s$ with $1\leq s\leq r<\infty$. This improve a result obtained in \cite{DanielT}.
In this paper we give an example of a Banach algebra $A$ and a closed ideal $I$ of $A$ such that the multiplier algebra of $I$ is equal to $A$ but $I$ does not have any bounded approximate identity. In the case that $I$ has an approximate identity, we give a necessary condition on $I$ for which $A=\mathcal{M}(I)$, where $\mathcal{M}(I)$ denotes the multiplier algebra of $I$. Finally, as a corollary of our results, we show that the Fourier algebra of an amenable group is strictly dense in the Fourier-Stieltjes algebra.
We prove that the kernel of a quotient operator from an $\mathcal L_1$-space onto a Banach space $X$ with the Bounded Approximation Property (BAP) has the BAP. This completes earlier results of Lusky --case $\ell_1$-- and Figiel, Johnson and Pełczyński --case $X^*$ separable. Given a Banach space $X$, we show that if the kernel of a quotient map from some $\mathcal L_1$-space onto $X$ has the BAP then every kernel of every quotient map from any $\mathcal L_1$-space onto $X$ has the BAP. The dual result for $\mathcal L_\infty$-spaces also hold: if for some $\mathcal L_\infty$-space $E$ some quo…
Let $H(\mathbb{D})$ be the linear space of all analytic functions on the open unit disc $\mathbb{D}$ and $H^p(\mathbb{D})$ the Hardy space on $\mathbb{D}$. The characterization of complex linear isometries on $\mathcal{S}^p=\{f\in H(\mathbb{D}):f'\in H^p(\mathbb{D})\}$ was given for $1\leq p<\infty$ by Novinger and Oberlin in 1985. Here, we characterize surjective, not necessarily linear, isometries on $\mathcal{S}^\infty$.
We prove that a WLD subspace of the space $\ell_\infty^c(Γ)$ consisting of all bounded, countably supported functions on a set $Γ$ embeds isomorphically into $\ell_\infty$ if and only if it does not contain isometric copies of $c_0(ω_1)$. Moreover, a subspace of $\ell_\infty^c(ω_1)$ is constructed that has an unconditional basis, does not embed into $\ell_\infty$, and whose every weakly compact subset is separable (in particular, it cannot contain any isomorphic copies of $c_0(ω_1)$).
We study multiplication operators on the weighted Banach spaces of an infinite tree. We characterize the bounded and the compact operators, as well as determine the operator norm. In addition, we determine the spectrum of the bounded multiplication operators and characterize the isometries. Finally, we study the multiplication operators between the weighted Banach spaces and the Lipschitz space by characterizing the bounded and the compact operators, determine estimates on the operator norm, and show there are no isometries.
Let $ω_1$ be the first uncountable ordinal. By a result of Rudin, bounded operators on the Banach space $C([0,ω_1])$ have a natural representation as $[0,ω_1]\times 0,ω_1]$-matrices. Loy and Willis observed that the set of operators whose final column is continuous when viewed as a scalar-valued function on $[0,ω_1]$ defines a maximal ideal of codimension one in the Banach algebra $\mathscr{B}(C([0,ω_1]))$ of bounded operators on $C([0,ω_1])$. We give a coordinate-free characterization of this ideal and deduce from it that $\mathscr{B}(C([0,ω_1]))$ contains no other maximal ideals. We then obt…
We define the ($w^\ast$-) boundedness property and the ($w^\ast$-) surjectivity property for sets in normed spaces. We show that these properties are pairwise equivalent in complete normed spaces by characterizing them in terms of a category-like property called ($w^\ast$-) thickness. We give examples of interesting sets having or not having these properties. In particular, we prove that the tensor product of two $w^\ast$-thick sets in $\Xastast$ and $\Yast$ is a $w^\ast$-thick subset in $L(X,Y)^\ast$ and obtain as a concequense that the set $w^\ast -exp\:B_{K(l_2)^\ast}$ is $w^\ast$-thick.
This paper investigates the concept of harmonic functions of bounded mean oscillation, starting from John-Nirenberg's pioneering studies, under a renewed formalism, suitable for bringing out some fundamental properties inherent in it. In more detail: after a quick introduction, the second Section presents the main theorem, plus complete proof, relating to this function; in the third Section there is a suggestion on the exponential integrability (theorem and sketch of proof), while the fourth Section deals with the duality of Hardy Space $H^1$ and bounded mean oscillation, with some ideas for a…
We will give an outline of the main results in our recent AMS Memoir, and include some new results, exposition and open problems. In that memoir we developed a general dilation theory for operator valued measures acting on Banach spaces where operator-valued measures (or maps) are not necessarily completely bounded. The main results state that any operator-valued measure, not necessarily completely bounded, always has a dilation to a projection-valued measure acting on a Banach space, and every bounded linear map, again not necessarily completely bounded, on a Banach algebra has a bounded homo…
A banach space X is a normed vector space, which is complete with respect to the metric induced by the norm. Given a bounded linear operator T acting on a banach space X, T is said to attain its norm if there is a unit vector z in X, such that the norm of Tz equals the norm of T. The existence of an infinite dimensional banach space X, in which each bounded linear operator acting on X attains its norm, is still undetermined. This question was posed by M.I. Ostrovskii at St. John's University. In this paper we show that if an infinite dimensional banach space is considered over GF(2), then it i…