This article is a continuation of [CMZ21b], where we proved that a Ricci flow with a closed and smooth tangent flow has unique tangent flow, and its corresponding forward or backward modified Ricci flow converges in the rate of $t^{-β}$ for some $β>0$. In this article, we calculate the corresponding $\mathbb{F}$-convergence rate: after being scaled by a factor $λ>0$, a Ricci flow with closed and smooth tangent flow is $|\log λ|^{-θ}$ close to its tangent flow in the $\mathbb{F}$-sense, where $θ$ is a positive number, $λ\gg 1$ in the blow-up case, and $λ\ll 1$ in the blow-down case.
In this paper, we consider Ricci flows admitting closed and smooth tangent flows in the sense of Bamler [Bam20c]. The tangent flow in question can be either a tangent flow at infinity for an ancient Ricci flow, or a tangent flow at a singular point for a Ricci flow developing a finite-time singularity. Among other things, we prove: (1) that in these cases the tangent flow must be unique, (2) that if a Ricci flow with finite-time singularity has a closed singularity model, then the singularity is of Type I and the singularity model is the tangent flow at the singular point; this answers a quest…
Considering pseudo-Riemannian $g$-natural metrics on tangent bundles, we prove that the condition of being Ricci soliton is hereditary in the sense that a Ricci soliton structure on the tangent bundle gives rise to a Ricci soliton structure on the base manifold. Restricting ourselves to some class of pseudo-Riemannian $g$-natural metrics, we show that the tangent bundle is a Ricci soliton if and only if the base manifold is flat and the potential vector field is a complete lift of a conformal vector field. We give then a classification of conformal vector fields on a flat Riemannian manifold. …
It is shown by Colding and Minicozzi the uniqueness of the tangent cone at infinity of Ricci-flat manifolds with Euclidean volume growth which has at least one tangent cone at infinity with a smooth cross section. In this article we raise an example of the Ricci-flat manifold implying that the assumption for the volume growth in the above result is essential. More precisely, we construct a complete Ricci-flat manifold of dimension 4 with non-Euclidean volume growth who has at least two distinct tangent cones at infinity and one of them has a smooth cross section.
In this paper we consider $4$-dimensional steady soliton singularity models, i.e., complete steady gradient Ricci solitons that arise as the rescaled limit of a finite time singular solution of the Ricci flow on a closed $4$-manifold. In particular, we study the geometry at infinity of such Ricci solitons under the assumption that their tangent flow at infinity is the product of $\mathbb{R}$ with a $3$-dimensional spherical space form. We also classify the tangent flows at infinity of $4$-dimensional steady soliton singularity models in general.
We give an explicit description of all complete $G$-invariant Ricci-flat Kähler metrics on the tangent bundle $T(G/K)\cong G^\bbC/K^\bbC$ of rank-one Riemannian symmetric spaces $G/K$ of compact type, in terms of associated vector-functions.
A lower-bound estimate of injectivity radius for complete Riemannian manifolds is discussed in a pure geometric viewpoint and is applied to study tangent cones at infinity of certain gradient Ricci solitons. We also study the asymptotic volume ratio of gradient Ricci solitons.
We show that if $X$ is a limit of $n$-dimensional Riemannian manifolds with Ricci curvature bounded below and $γ$ is a limit geodesic in $X$ then along the interior of $γ$ same scale measure metric tangent cones $T_{γ(t)}X$ are Hölder continuous with respect to measured Gromov-Hausdorff topology and have the same dimension in the sense of Colding-Naber.
We give a description of all $G$-invariant Ricci-flat Kähler metrics on the canonical complexification of any compact Riemannian symmetric space $G/K$ of arbitrary rank, by using some special local $(1,0)$ vector fields on $T(G/K)$. As the simplest application, we obtain the explicit description of the set of all complete $\mathrm{SO}(3)$-invariant Ricci-flat Kähler metrics on $T{\mathbb S}^2$, which includes the well-known Eguchi-Hanson-Stenzel metrics and a new one-parameter family of metrics.
Let $X$ be the Gromov-Hausdorff limit of a sequence of pointed complete Kähler manifolds $(M^n_i, p_i)$ satisfying $Ric(M_i)\geq -(n-1)$ and the volume is noncollapsed. We prove that, there exists a Lie group isomorphic to $\mathbb{R}$, acting isometrically, on the tangent cone at each point of $X$. Moreover, the action is locally free on the cross section. This generalizes the metric cone theorem of Cheeger-Colding to the Kähler case. We also discuss some applications to complete Kähler manifolds with nonnegative bisectional curvature.
We present a new relation between the short time behavior of the heat flow, the geometry of optimal transport and the Ricci flow. We also show how this relation can be used to define an evolution of metrics on non-smooth metric measure spaces with Ricci curvature bounded from below.
We study the fundamental group of an open $n$-manifold $M$ of nonnegative Ricci curvature. We show that if there is an integer $k$ such that any tangent cone at infinity of the Riemannian universal cover of $M$ is a metric cone, whose maximal Euclidean factor has dimension $k$, then $π_1(M)$ is finitely generated. In particular, this confirms the Milnor conjecture for a manifold whose universal cover has Euclidean volume growth and the unique tangent cone at infinity.
We show that in any infinitesimally Hilbertian $CD^*(K,N)$-space at almost every point there exists a Euclidean weak tangent, i.e. there exists a sequence of dilations of the space that converges to a Euclidean space in the pointed measured Gromov-Hausdorff topology. The proof follows by considering iterated tangents and the splitting theorem for infinitesimally Hilbertian $CD^*(0,N)$-spaces.
Consider a limit space $(M_α,g_α,p_α)\stackrel{GH}{\rightarrow} (Y,d_Y,p)$, where the $M_α^n$ have a lower Ricci curvature bound and are volume noncollapsed. The tangent cones of $Y$ at a point $p\in Y$ are known to be metric cones $C(X)$, however they need not be unique. Let $\barΩ_{Y,p}\subseteq\cM_{GH}$ be the closed subset of compact metric spaces $X$ which arise as cross sections for the tangents cones of $Y$ at $p$. In this paper we study the properties of $\barΩ_{Y,p}$. In particular, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for an open smooth family $Ω\equiv (X_s,g_s)$ of closed man…
We study a transformation of metric measure spaces introduced by Gigli and Mantegazza consisting in replacing the original distance with the length distance induced by the transport distance between heat kernel measures. We study the smoothing effect of this procedure in two important examples. Firstly, we show that in the case of some Euclidean cones, a singularity persists at the apex. Secondly, we generalize the construction to a sub-Riemannian manifold, namely the Heisenberg group, and show that it regularizes the space instantaneously to a smooth Riemannian manifold.
In this article, we get classification theorems for a Ricci soliton on the pseudo-Riemannian hypersurface of the Minkowski space $\mathbb{E}^4_1$ taking the potential vector field as the tangent component of the position vector of the pseudo-Riemannian hypersurface, denoted by $(M,g,{\bf x}^T,λ)$ in both Riemannian and Lorentzian settings. First, we obtain the necessary and sufficient condition that a pseudo-Riemannian hypersurface $(M,g)$ in $\mathbb{E}^4_1$ admits a Ricci soliton $(M,g,{\bf x}^T,λ)$. In each of the form of the shape operator of a pseudo-Riemannian hypersurface, we obtain cha…
In this article we prove the existence of Kahler-Ricci solitons on smoothable, K-stable Q-Fano varieties. We also investigate the behavior of twisted Kahler-Ricci solitons in the Gromov-Hausdorff topology under this smoothing family.
We introduce the conical Kähler-Ricci flow modified by a holomorphic vector field. We construct a long-time solution of the modified conical Kähler-Ricci flow as the limit of a sequence of smooth Kähler-Ricci flows.
We survey some recent developments in the study of collapsing Riemannian manifolds with Ricci curvature bounded below, especially the locally bounded Ricci covering geometry and the Ricci flow smoothing techniques. We then prove that if a Calabi-Yau manifold is sufficiently volume collapsed with bounded diameter and sectional curvature, then it admits a Ricci-flat Kähler metrictogether with a compatible pure nilpotent Killing structure: this is related to an open question of Cheeger, Fukaya and Gromov.
We show that for certain locally collapsing initial data with Ricci curvature bounded below, one could start the Ricci flow for a definite period of time. This provides a Ricci flow smoothing tool, with which we find topological conditions that detect the collapsing infranil fiber bundles over controlled Riemannian orbifolds among those locally collapsing regions with Ricci curvature bounded below. In the appendix, we also provide a local distance distortion estimate for certain Ricci flows with collapsing initial data.
In a singular Type I Ricci flow, we consider a stratification of the set where there is curvature blow-up, according to the number of the Euclidean factors split by the tangent flows. We then show that the strata are characterized roughly in terms of the decay rate of their volume, which in our context plays the role of a dimension estimate.
We show that on a smooth Hermitian minimal model of general type the Chern-Ricci flow converges to a closed positive current on M. Moreover, the flow converges smoothly to a Kahler-Einstein metric on compact sets away from the null locus of K_M. This generalizes work of Tsuji and Tian-Zhang to Hermitian manifolds, providing further evidence that the Chern-Ricci flow is a natural generalization of the Kahler-Ricci flow.
We apply Tian's method in Kahler-Einstein problem to prove that a conic K\''ahler metric with lower Ricci curvature bound can be approximated by smooth K\''ahler metrics with the same lower Ricci curvature bound. Furthermore, conic singularities here can be along a simple normal crossing divisor.
In this note, we show that the conical Kähler-Ricci flows introduced in \cite{CYW} exist for all time $t\in [0,\infty)$ in the weak sense. As a key ingredient of the proof, we show that a conical Kähler-Ricci flow is actually the limit of a sequence of smooth Kähler-Ricci flows.
In this paper, we show existence and uniqueness of Ricci flow whose initial condition is a compact Alexandrov surface with curvature bounded from below. This requires a weakening of the notion of initial condition which is able to deal with a priori non-Riemannian metric spaces. As a by-product, we obtain that the Ricci flow of a surface depends smoothly on Gromov-Hausdorff perturbations of the initial condition.
In this paper we establish stability of the Ricci de Turck flow near Ricci-flat metrics with isolated conical singularities. More precisely, we construct a Ricci de Turck flow which starts sufficiently close to a Ricci-flat metric with isolated conical singularities and converges to a singular Ricci-flat metric under an assumption of integrability, linear and tangential stability. We provide a characterization of conical singularities satisfying tangential stability and discuss examples where the integrability condition is satisfied.
We consider Ricci flow on a closed surface with cone points. The main result is: given a (nonsmooth) cone metric g_0 over a closed surface there is a smooth Ricci flow g(t) defined for (0,T], with curvature unbounded above, such that g(t) tends to g_0 as t tends to 0. This result means that Ricci flow provides a way for instantaneously smoothening cone points. We follow an argument of P. Topping modifying his reasoning for cusps of negative curvature; in that sense we can consider cusps as a limiting zero-angle cone, and we generalize to any angle between 0 and 2π.
We find an obstruction to the existence of non-singular solutions to the normalized Ricci flow on four-manifolds with $b^+=1$. By using this obstruction, we study the relationship between the existence or non-existence of non-singular solutions of the normalized Ricci flow and exotic smooth structures on the topological 4-manifolds ${\mathbb C}{P}^2 # l \overline{{\mathbb C}{P}^2}$, where $5 \leq l \leq 8$.
We show that a complete Ricci flow of bounded curvature which begins from a manifold with a Ricci lower bound, local entropy bound, and small local scale-invariant integral curvature control will have global point-wise curvature control at positive times. As applications, we obtain under similar assumptions a compactness result and a gap theorem for complete noncompact manifolds with nonnegative Ricci Curvature.
Under the assumption of the uniform local Sobolev inequality, it is proved that Riemannian metrics with an absolute Ricci curvature bound and a small Riemannian curvature integral bound can be smoothed to having a sectional curvature bound. This partly extends previous a priori estimates of Ye Li (J. Geom. Anal. 17 (2007) 495-511; Advances in Mathematics 223 (2010) 1924-1957).
Consider a smooth manifold with a smooth metric which changes bilinear type from Riemann to Lorentz on a hypersurface $Σ$ with radical tangent to $Σ$. Two natural bilinear symmetric forms appear there, and we use it to analyze the geometry of $Σ$. We show the way in which these forms control the smooth extensibility over $Σ$ of the covariant, sectional and Ricci curvatures of the Levi-Civita connection outside $Σ$.
Finite-Time Singularities of the Kähler--Ricci Flow on Fano Bundles
Institute of Mathematics, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院数学与系统科学研究院）；Department of Mathematics, Rutgers University（罗格斯大学数学系）
Locally, a screen integrable globally null manifold $M$ splits through a Riemannian leaf $M'$ of its screen distribution and a null curve $\mathcal{C}$ tangent to its radical distribution. The leaf $M'$ carries a lot of geometric information about $M$ and, in fact, forms a basis for the study of expanding and non-expanding horizons in black hole theory. In the present paper, we introduce a degenerate Ricci-type flow in $M'$ via the intrinsic Ricci tensor of $M$. Several new gradient estimates regarding the flow are proved.
A solution to the normalized Ricci flow is called non-singular if it exists for all time with uniformly bounded sectional curvature. By using the techniques developed by the present authors, we study the existence or non-existence of non-singular solutions of the normalized Ricci flow on 4-manifolds with non-trivial fundamental group and the relation with the smooth structures. For example, we prove that, for any finite cyclic group ${\mathbb Z}_{d}$, where $d>1$, there exists a compact topological 4-manifold $X$ with fundamental group ${\mathbb Z}_{d}$, which admits at least one smooth struct…
We study ancient Ricci flows which admit asymptotic solitons in the sense of Perelman. We prove that the asymptotic solitons must coincide with Bamler's tangent flows at infinity. Furthermore, we show that Perelman's $ν$-functional is uniformly bounded on such ancient solutions; this fact leads to logarithmic Sobolev inequalities and Sobolev inequalities. Lastly, as an important tool for the proofs of the above results, we also show that, for a complete Ricci flow with bounded curvature, the bound of the Nash entropy depends only on the local geometry around an $H_n$-center of its base point.
We show that a simply-connected closed four-dimensional Ricci flow whose Ricci curvature is uniformly bounded below and whose volume does not approach zero must converge to a $C^{0}$ orbifold at any finite-time singularity, so has an extension through the singularity via orbifold Ricci flow. Moreover, a Type-I blowup of the flow based at any orbifold point converges to a flat cone in the Gromov-Hausdorff sense, without passing to a subsequence. In addition, we prove $L^{p}$ bounds for the curvature tensor on time-slices for any $p<2$. In higher dimensions, we show that every singular point of …
This paper is concerned with the structure of Gromov-Hausdorff limit spaces $(M^n_i,g_i,p_i)\stackrel{d_{GH}}{\longrightarrow} (X^n,d,p)$ of Riemannian manifolds satisfying a uniform lower Ricci curvature bound $Rc_{M^n_i}\geq -(n-1)$ as well as the noncollapsing assumption $Vol(B_1(p_i))>v>0$. In such cases, there is a filtration of the singular set, $S_0\subset S_1\cdots S_{n-1}:= S$, where $S^k:= \{x\in X:\text{ no tangent cone at $x$ is }(k+1)\text{-symmetric}\}$; equivalently no tangent cone splits off a Euclidean factor $\mathbb{R}^{k+1}$ isometrically. Moreover, by \cite{ChCoI}, $\dim S…
We prove a new kind of estimate that holds on any manifold with lower Ricci bounds. It relates the geometry of two small balls with the same radius, potentially far apart, but centered in the interior of a common minimizing geodesic. It reveals new, previously unknown, properties that all generalized spaces with a lower Ricci curvature bound must have and it has a number of applications. This new kind of estimate asserts that the geometry of small balls along any minimizing geodesic changes in a Hölder continuous way with a constant depending on the lower bound for the Ricci curvature, the dim…
We study how the notion of tangent space can be extended from smooth manifolds to diffeological spaces, which are generalizations of smooth manifolds that include singular spaces and infinite-dimensional spaces. We focus on two definitions. The internal tangent space of a diffeological space is defined using smooth curves into the space, and the external tangent space is defined using smooth derivations on germs of smooth functions. We prove fundamental results about these tangent spaces, compute them in many examples, and observe that while they agree for smooth manifolds and many of the exam…
We first extend Cheeger-Colding Almost Splitting Theorem to smooth metric measure spaces. Arguments utilizing this extension of the Almost Splitting Theorem show that if a smooth metric measure space has almost nonnegative Bakry-Emery Ricci curvature and a lower bound on volume, then its fundamental group is almost abelian. Second, if the smooth metric measure space has Bakry-Emery Ricci curvature bounded from below then the number of generators of the fundamental group is uniformly bounded. These results are extensions of theorems which hold for Riemannian manifolds with Ricci curvature bound…
In this note, we prove the existence of weak solutions of the Chern-Ricci flow through blow downs of exceptional curves, as well as backwards smooth convergence away from the exceptional curves on compact complex surfaces. The smoothing property for the Chern-Ricci flow is also obtained on compact Hermitian manifolds of dimension n under a mild assumption.
We consider a geometric flow introduced by Gigli and Mantegazza which, in the case of smooth compact manifolds with smooth metrics, is tangen- tial to the Ricci flow almost-everywhere along geodesics. To study spaces with geometric singularities, we consider this flow in the context of smooth manifolds with rough metrics with sufficiently regular heat kernels. On an appropriate non- singular open region, we provide a family of metric tensors evolving in time and provide a regularity theory for this flow in terms of the regularity of the heat kernel. When the rough metric induces a metric measu…
We prove that first-order flexes of smooth surfaces in Euclidean 3-space, which are tangent to the set of all nonrigid surfaces, can be extended to second-order flexes.
Discrete forms of the scalar, sectional and Ricci curvatures are constructed on simplicial piecewise flat triangulations of smooth manifolds, depending directly on the simplicial structure and a choice of dual tessellation. This is done by integrating over volumes which include appropriate samplings of hinges for each type of curvature, with the integrals based on the parallel transport of vectors around hinges. Computations for triangulations of a diverse set of manifolds show these piecewise flat curvatures to converge to their smooth values. The Ricci curvature also gives a piecewise flat R…
