Ge $_{1-x}$ Sn $_{x}$合金是实现直接带隙IV族半导体应用于Si兼容电子和光子器件的有希望的候选材料。在这里,我们提出了一个相结合的理论和实验分析的拉曼光谱在锗$_{1-x}$锡$_{x}$合金。我们描述了液体-蒸汽-固体生长和结构表征的锗$_{1-x}$锡$_{x}$($x \leq 8$ %)纳米线显示高结晶质量,并调查使用拉曼光谱的纳米线的结构和振动特性。我们的理论分析是基于一个完全解析的非谐价力场(VFF)的潜力,它准确地描述-即不求助于数值拟合-的二阶弹性常数,三阶体模量,选定的第二和第三阶内弹性常数,因此,区中心横向光学声子模式的频率和它的流体静力学和轴向应变的依赖性。我们通过密度泛函理论计算体弹性性质,参数化Ge $_{1-x}$ Sn $_{x}$合金的VFF势,并应用VFF势明确计算现实的,无序的Ge $_{1-x}$ Sn $_{x}$合金超晶胞的拉曼光谱。我们的原子理论计算定量捕获:(i)具有Sn组成$x$的测量拉曼光谱的演变,(ii)明确地证明短程合金无序的存在可以显著地影响分别描述拉曼位移对Sn组成和赝晶应变的依赖性的位移系数$a$和$b$,(iii)阐明在以前的实验研究中确定的所谓的“无序激活”模式的起源,以及(iv)允许测量的拉曼光谱的详细原子尺度的解释。总的来说,我们的分析提供了与这种新兴材料系统的特性相关的见解。
英文摘要:
Ge$_{1-x}$Sn$_{x}$ alloys are a promising candidate material to realise direct-gap group-IV semiconductors for applications in Si-compatible electronic and photonic devices. Here, we present a combined theoretical and experimental analysis of Raman spectroscopy in Ge$_{1-x}$Sn$_{x}$ alloys. We describe liquid-vapour-solid growth and structural characterisation of Ge$_{1-x}$Sn$_{x}$ ($x \leq 8$%) nanowires displaying high crystalline quality, and investigate the structural and vibrational properties of the nanowires using Raman spectroscopy. Our theoretical analysis is based on a fully analytic anharmonic valence force field (VFF) potential, which describes exactly - i.e. without recourse to numerical fitting - the second-order elastic constants, third-order bulk modulus, selected second- and third-order inner elastic constants and, as a consequence, the zone-centre transverse optical phonon mode frequency and its hydrostatic and axial strain dependence. We compute bulk elastic properties via density functional theory to parametrise the VFF potential for Ge$_{1-x}$Sn$_{x}$ alloys, and apply the VFF potential to explicitly compute the Raman spectra of realistic, disordered Ge$_{1-x}$Sn$_{x}$ alloy supercells. Our atomistic theoretical calculations quantitatively capture: (i) the evolution of the measured Raman spectra with Sn composition $x$, (ii) demonstrate explicitly that the presence of short-range alloy disorder can significantly impact the shift coefficients $a$ and $b$ that respectively describe the dependence of the Raman shift on Sn composition and pseudomorphic strain, (iii) elucidate the origin of the so-called "disorder activated" mode identified in previous experimental investigations, and (iv) allow for detailed atomic-scale interpretation of measured Raman spectra. Overall, our analysis provides insight relevant to the characterisation of this emerging material system.
Efficient method for calculating Raman spectra of solids with impurities and alloys and its application to two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides
拉曼光谱是一种广泛使用的,功能强大的,非破坏性的工具,用于研究大块和低维材料的振动特性。拉曼光谱可以使用第一原理方法来模拟,但是由于高计算成本,计算通常仅限于相当小的晶胞,这使得难以对合金和缺陷进行模拟。在这里,我们开发了一种有效的方法来模拟合金的拉曼光谱,基准对全密度泛函理论计算,并将其应用到几个合金的二维过渡金属dichalcogenides。在该方法中,超原胞模式的拉曼张量通过将原始系统的拉曼张量由超原胞振动模式的投影加权到原始系统的拉曼张量来构造。这种方法不限于2D材料,并且应该适用于任何具有缺陷和杂质的晶体固体。为了有效地评估非常大的超晶胞的振动模式,我们采用质量近似,虽然它仅限于化学和结构相似的原子取代。基准我们的方法,我们首先将其应用到Mo $_x$ W $_{(1-x)}$ S $_2$单层的H-相,其中几个实验报告可用于比较。第二,我们考虑T '相的Mo $_x$ W $_{(1-x)}$ Te $_2$,其已被提出为2D拓扑绝缘体,但单层合金的实验结果仍然缺失。我们表明,投影方案也提供了一个强大的工具,用于分析的起源合金拉曼活性模式的父系统本征模。最后,我们研究的趋势特征拉曼签名的杂质浓度低,在二硫化钼$_2$。
Microscopic structure differences in CZTSe quaternary alloys prepared by different techniques revealed by spatially-resolved laser-induced-modification Raman spectroscopy
Why is EXAFS analysis for multicomponent metals so hard? Challenges and opportunities for measuring ordering in complex concentrated alloys using x-ray absorption spectroscopy
Investigation on Vibrational, Optical and Structural Properties of an Amorphous Se$_{0.80}$S$_{0.20}$ Alloy Produced by Mechanical Alloying
用Raman光谱、X射线衍射、扩展X射线吸收精细结构(EXAFS)和光学吸收光谱研究了机械合金化法制备的非晶态Se $_{0.80}$ S $_{0.20}$合金,并对其总结构因子和EXAFS数据进行了反向蒙特卡罗模拟。它的振动模式,光学间隙和平均原子间距离和平均配位数的结构特性进行了测定和比较,发现为非晶硒$_{0.90}$ S $_{0.10}$合金。结果表明,配位数,原子间距离和间隙能量依赖于硫浓度。
Quantifying Phase Transformations in Alloying Anodes via In-Situ Liquid Cell Hard X-ray Spectroscopy and Cryogenic Microscopy
Imperial College London(帝国理工学院);Diamond Light Source(钻石光源);Max-Planck Institute for Sustainable Materials(马克斯·普朗克可持续材料研究所);Univ Rouen Normandie, CNRS, INSA Rouen Normandie, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, UMR 6634(鲁昂诺曼底大学、法国国家科学研究中心、鲁昂诺曼底国立应用科学学院、材料物理研究组)
Spontaneous ordering as an intrinsic effect at the mesoscopic scale: A vibrational insight in (Zn,Be)Se by Raman scattering and first-principles calculations
Growth and Raman spectroscopy of thickness-controlled rotationally faulted multilayer graphene
我们报道了通过低压化学气相沉积在Ni箔上生长厚度可控的旋转故障多层石墨烯(rf-MLG),并通过显微拉曼光谱对其进行表征。通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射和透射率测量研究了表面形貌和厚度。这些结果表明,rf-MLG的厚度可以通过Ni箔的厚度而不是CH $_4$、H $_2$、Ar的流量来有效地控制。在拉曼光谱测量中,我们观察到了石墨材料的大部分拉曼峰。拉曼光谱可以分为四种模式,并显示出系统的行为。特别地,成功地分析了面内(~1880 cm $^{-1}$,~2035 cm $^{-1}$)和面外(~1750 cm $^{-1}$)模式,以解释如在扭曲(或旋转)双层石墨烯中的rf-MLG的维度。另外,发现在~1230 cm $^{-1}$和~2220 cm $^{-1}$处的两个峰很好地反映了面内模的性质。上述四个面内模的峰值强度与二维带的峰值强度成正比,表明它们具有共同的拉曼共振过程。