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arXiv 2112.00523cond-mat.mtrl-sci
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Ⅳ族Ge $_{1-x}$ Sn $_{x}$合金的拉曼光谱:理论与实验

Raman spectroscopy of group-IV Ge$_{1-x}$Sn$_{x}$ alloys: theory and experiment

Daniel S. P. Tanner, Sreyan Raha, Jessica Doherty, Subajit Biswas, Justin D. Holmes, Eoin P. O'Reilly, Achintya Singha, Christopher A. Broderick

摘要:

Ge $_{1-x}$ Sn $_{x}$合金是实现直接带隙IV族半导体应用于Si兼容电子和光子器件的有希望的候选材料。在这里,我们提出了一个相结合的理论和实验分析的拉曼光谱在锗$_{1-x}$锡$_{x}$合金。我们描述了液体-蒸汽-固体生长和结构表征的锗$_{1-x}$锡$_{x}$($x \leq 8$ %)纳米线显示高结晶质量,并调查使用拉曼光谱的纳米线的结构和振动特性。我们的理论分析是基于一个完全解析的非谐价力场(VFF)的潜力,它准确地描述-即不求助于数值拟合-的二阶弹性常数,三阶体模量,选定的第二和第三阶内弹性常数,因此,区中心横向光学声子模式的频率和它的流体静力学和轴向应变的依赖性。我们通过密度泛函理论计算体弹性性质,参数化Ge $_{1-x}$ Sn $_{x}$合金的VFF势,并应用VFF势明确计算现实的,无序的Ge $_{1-x}$ Sn $_{x}$合金超晶胞的拉曼光谱。我们的原子理论计算定量捕获:(i)具有Sn组成$x$的测量拉曼光谱的演变,(ii)明确地证明短程合金无序的存在可以显著地影响分别描述拉曼位移对Sn组成和赝晶应变的依赖性的位移系数$a$和$b$,(iii)阐明在以前的实验研究中确定的所谓的“无序激活”模式的起源,以及(iv)允许测量的拉曼光谱的详细原子尺度的解释。总的来说,我们的分析提供了与这种新兴材料系统的特性相关的见解。

英文摘要:

Ge$_{1-x}$Sn$_{x}$ alloys are a promising candidate material to realise direct-gap group-IV semiconductors for applications in Si-compatible electronic and photonic devices. Here, we present a combined theoretical and experimental analysis of Raman spectroscopy in Ge$_{1-x}$Sn$_{x}$ alloys. We describe liquid-vapour-solid growth and structural characterisation of Ge$_{1-x}$Sn$_{x}$ ($x \leq 8$%) nanowires displaying high crystalline quality, and investigate the structural and vibrational properties of the nanowires using Raman spectroscopy. Our theoretical analysis is based on a fully analytic anharmonic valence force field (VFF) potential, which describes exactly - i.e. without recourse to numerical fitting - the second-order elastic constants, third-order bulk modulus, selected second- and third-order inner elastic constants and, as a consequence, the zone-centre transverse optical phonon mode frequency and its hydrostatic and axial strain dependence. We compute bulk elastic properties via density functional theory to parametrise the VFF potential for Ge$_{1-x}$Sn$_{x}$ alloys, and apply the VFF potential to explicitly compute the Raman spectra of realistic, disordered Ge$_{1-x}$Sn$_{x}$ alloy supercells. Our atomistic theoretical calculations quantitatively capture: (i) the evolution of the measured Raman spectra with Sn composition $x$, (ii) demonstrate explicitly that the presence of short-range alloy disorder can significantly impact the shift coefficients $a$ and $b$ that respectively describe the dependence of the Raman shift on Sn composition and pseudomorphic strain, (iii) elucidate the origin of the so-called "disorder activated" mode identified in previous experimental investigations, and (iv) allow for detailed atomic-scale interpretation of measured Raman spectra. Overall, our analysis provides insight relevant to the characterisation of this emerging material system.

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