Following a recently introduced approach to approximate Lie symmetries of differential equations which is consistent with the principles of perturbative analysis of differential equations containing small terms, we analyze the case of approximate $Q$--conditional symmetries. An application of the method to a hyperbolic variant of a reaction--diffusion--convection equation is presented.
Nonlinear PDE's having {\bf given} conditional symmetries are constructed. They are obtained starting from the invariants of the "conditional symmetry" generator and imposing the extra condition given by the characteristic of the symmetry. Several of examples starting from the Boussinesq and including non-autonomous Korteweg-De Vries like equations are given to showcase the methodology introduced.
Q-conditional (nonclassical) symmetries of the known three-component reaction-diffusion system [K. Aoki et al Theor. Pop. Biol. 50(1) (1996)] modeling interaction between farmers and hunter-gatherers are constructed for the first time. A wide variety of Q-conditional symmetries are found in an explicit form and it is shown that these symmetries are not equivalent to the Lie symmetries. Some operators of Q-conditional (nonclassical) symmetry are applied for finding exact solutions of the reaction-diffusion system in question. Properties of the exact solutions (in particular, their asymptotic be…
The investigation of approximate symmetries of reparametrization invariant Lagrangians of n + 1 degrees of freedom and quadratic velocities is presented. We show that extra conditions emerge which give rise to approximate and conditional Noether symmetries of such constrained actions. The Noether symmetries are the simultaneous conformal Killing vectors of both the kinetic metric and the potential. In order to recover these conditional symmetry generators which would otherwise be lost in gauge fixing the lapse function entering the perturbative Lagrangian, one must consider the lapse among the…
Reaction-diffusion systems with constant diffusivities: conditional symmetries and form-preserving transformations
研究了一类具有常扩散系数的两组分反应扩散系统的Q-条件对称性（非经典对称性）。利用最近引入的第一类Q-条件对称的概念（R。Cherniha J. Phys. A：Math. Theor.，2010.第43卷，405207），一个详尽的列表反应扩散系统承认这样的对称性。构造了这类系统的保形变换，并证明了该列表只包含非等价系统。所得到的对称性允许减少研究中的反应扩散系统的二维常微分方程系统，并找到精确的解决方案。作为一个非平凡的例子，我们构造了两个非线性反应扩散系统的多参数精确解族。一个可能的解释，以生物学为动机的模型。
Q-conditional symmetries (nonclassical symmetries) for a general class of two-component reaction-diffusion systems with non-constant diffusivities are studied. The work is a natural continuation of our paper (Cherniha and Davydovych, 2012) in order to extend the results on so-called no-go case. Using the notion of Q-conditional symmetries of the first type, an exhaustive list of reaction-diffusion systems admitting such symmetry is derived. The results obtained are compared with those derived earlier. The symmetries for reducing reaction-diffusion systems to two-dimensional dynamical systems (…
Q-conditional symmetries (nonclassical symmetries) for the general class of two-component reaction-diffusion systems with non-constant diffusivities are studied. Using the recently introduced notion of Q-conditional symmetries of the first type, an exhausted list of reaction-diffusion systems admitting such symmetry is derived. The results obtained for the reaction-diffusion systems are compared with those for the scalar reaction-diffusion equations. The symmetries found for reducing reaction-diffusion systems to two-dimensional dynamical systems, i.e., ODE systems, and finding exact solutions…
This work presents a geometrical formulation of the Clairin theory of conditional symmetries for higher-order systems of partial differential equations (PDEs). We devise methods for obtaining Lie algebras of conditional symmetries from known conditional symmetries, and unnecessary previous assumptions of the theory are removed. As a consequence, new insights into other types of conditional symmetries arise. We then apply the so-called PDE Lie systems to the derivation and analysis of Lie algebras of conditional symmetries. In particular, we develop a method for obtaining solutions of a higher-…
Regular perturbative Lagrangians that admit approximate Noether symmetries and approximate conservation laws are studied. Specifically, we investigate the connection between approximate Noether symmetries and collineations of the underlying manifold. In particular we determine the generic Noether symmetry conditions for the approximate point symmetries and we find that for a class of perturbed Lagrangians, Noether symmetries are related to the elements of the Homothetic algebra of the metric which is defined by the unperturbed Lagrangian. Moreover, we discuss how exact symmetries become approx…
The framework of Baikov-Gazizov-Ibragimov approximate symmetries has proven useful for many examples where a small perturbation of an ordinary differential equation (ODE) destroys its local symmetry group. For the perturbed model, some of the local symmetries of the unperturbed equation may (or may not) re-appear as approximate symmetries, and new approximate symmetries can appear. Approximate symmetries are useful as a tool for the construction of approximate solutions. We show that for algebraic and first-order differential equations, to every point symmetry of the unperturbed equation, ther…
A new definition of conditional invariance for boundary value problems involving a wide range of boundary conditions (including initial value problems as a special case) is proposed. It is shown that other definitions worked out in order to find Lie symmetries of boundary value problems with standard boundary conditions, follow as particular cases from our definition. Simple examples of direct applicability to the nonlinear problems arising in applications are demonstrated. Moreover, the successful application of the definition for the Lie and conditional symmetry classification of a class of …
In this paper, it is shown how a combination of approximate symmetries of a nonlinear wave equation with small dissipations and singularity analysis provides exact analytic solutions. We perform the analysis using the Lie symmetry algebra of this equation and identify the conjugacy classes of the one-dimensional subalgebras of this Lie algebra. We show that the subalgebra classification of the integro-differential form of the nonlinear wave equation is much larger than the one obtained from the original wave equation. A systematic use of the symmetry reduction method allows us to find new inva…
Lie theory of continuous transformations provides a unified and powerful approach for handling differential equations. Unfortunately, any small perturbation of an equation usually destroys some important symmetries, and this reduces the applicability of Lie group methods to differential equations arising in concrete applications. On the other hand, differential equations containing \emph{small terms} are commonly and successfully investigated by means of perturbative techniques. Therefore, it is desirable to combine Lie group methods with perturbation analysis, \emph{i.e.}, to establish an app…
Quasisymmetry builds a third invariant for charged-particle motion besides energy and magnetic moment. We address quasisymmetry at the level of approximate symmetries of first-order guiding-centre motion. We find that the conditions to leading order are the same as for exact quasisymmetry if one insists that the symmetry is purely spatial. We also generalise to allow for approximate phase-space symmetries, and derive weaker conditions. The latter recover "weak quasisymmetry" as a subcase, thus we prove it is spatial only to leading order, but also that it implies the existence of a wider class…
Symmetries and exact solutions of a reaction-diffusion system arising in population dynamics
National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy（基辅莫希拉国立学院）；University of Nottingham（诺丁汉大学）；La Trobe University（乐卓博大学）；Institute of Mathematics, NAS of Ukraine（乌克兰国家科学院数学研究所）
Solid state systems with time reversal symmetry and/or particle-hole symmetry often only have $\mathbb{Z}_2$-valued strong invariants for which no general local formula is known. For physically relevant values of the parameters, there may exist approximate symmetries or almost conserved observables, such as the spin in a quantum spin Hall system with small Rashba coupling. It is shown in a general setting how this allows to define robust integer-valued strong invariants stemming from the complex theory, such as the spin Chern numbers, which modulo $2$ are equal to the $\mathbb{Z}_2$-invariants…
We explore the relationship between approximate symmetries of a gapped Hamiltonian and the structure of its ground space. We start by showing that approximate symmetry operators---unitary operators whose commutators with the Hamiltonian have norms that are sufficiently small---which possess certain mutual commutation relations can be restricted to the ground space with low distortion. We generalize the Stone-von Neumann theorem to matrices that approximately satisfy the canonical (Heisenberg-Weyl-type) commutation relations, and use this to show that approximate symmetry operators can certify …
In this paper, we derive a new generalisation of the strong subadditivity of the entropy to the setting of general conditional expectations onto arbitrary finite-dimensional von Neumann algebras. The latter inequality, which we call approximate tensorization of the relative entropy, can be expressed as a lower bound for the sum of relative entropies between a given density and its respective projections onto two intersecting von Neumann algebras in terms of the relative entropy between the same density and its projection onto an algebra in the intersection, up to multiplicative and additive co…
We prove that any one-dimensional (1D) quantum state with small quantum conditional mutual information in all certain tripartite splits of the system, which we call a quantum approximate Markov chain, can be well-approximated by a Gibbs state of a short-range quantum Hamiltonian. Conversely, we also derive an upper bound on the (quantum) conditional mutual information of Gibbs states of 1D short-range quantum Hamiltonians. We show that the conditional mutual information between two regions A and C conditioned on the middle region B decays exponentially with the square root of the length of B. …
