We present a version of the conditional symmetry method in order to obtain multiple wave solutions expressed in terms of Riemann invariants. We construct an abelian distribution of vector fields which are symmetries of the original system of PDEs subjected to certain first order differential constraints. The usefulness of our approach is demonstrated on simple and double wave solutions of MHD equations. The paper also contains a comparison of the conditional symmetry method with the generalized method of characteristics.
Received 19 April, 2003; Accepted 10 June, 2003
Final Version published in J. Nonlinear Math. Phys. 11,1 47-74, (2004).
New concept of conditional differential invariant is discussed that would allow description of equations invariant with respect to an operator under a certain condition. Example of conditional invariants of the projective operator is presented.
This paper is devoted to the extension of the recently proposed conditional symmetry method to first order nonhomogeneous quasilinear systems which are equivalent to homogeneous systems through a locally invertible point transformation. We perform a systematic analysis of the rank-1 and rank-2 solutions admitted by the shallow water wave equations in (2 + 1) dimensions and construct the corresponding solutions of the rotating shallow water wave equations. These solutions involve in general arbitrary functions depending on Riemann invariants, which allow us to construct new interesting classes …
Based on a method that produces the solutions to the Schrodinger equations of partner potentials, we give two conditionally exactly solvable partner potentials of exponential type defined on the half line. These potentials are multiplicative shape invariant and each of their linearly independent solution includes a sum of two hypergeometric functions. Furthermore we calculate the scattering amplitudes and study some of their properties.
The noncanonical Hamiltonian formulation of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) is used to construct variational principles for symmetric equilibrium configurations of magnetized plasma including flow. In particular, helical symmetry is considered and results on axial and translational symmetries are retrieved as special cases of the helical configurations. The symmetry condition, which allows the description in terms of a magnetic flux function, is exploited to deduce a symmetric form of the noncanonical Poisson bracket of MHD. Casimir invariants are then obtained directly from the Poisson bracket. Eq…
In this paper we use the symmetry reduction method to obtain invariant solutions of the ideal magnetohydrodynamic equations in (3+1) dimensions. These equations are invariant under a Galilean-similitude Lie algebra for which the classification by conjugacy classes of r-dimensional subalgebras ($1\leq r\leq 4$) was already known. So we restrict our study to the three-dimensional Galilean-similitude subalgebras that give systems composed of ordinary differential equations. We present here several examples of these solutions. Some of these exact solutions show interesting physical interpretations…
Conservation laws in ideal gas dynamics and magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) associated with fluid relabelling symmetries are derived using Noether's first and second theorems. Lie dragged invariants are discussed in terms of the MHD Casimirs. A nonlocal conservation law for fluid helicity applicable for a non-barotropic fluid involving Clebsch variables is derived using Noether's theorem, in conjunction with a fluid relabelling symmetry and a gauge transformation. A nonlocal cross helicity conservation law involving Clebsch potentials, and the MHD energy conservation law are derived by the same met…
We generalize earlier results of Fokas and Liu and find all locally analytic (1+1)-dimensional evolution equations of order $n$ that admit an $N$-shock type solution with $N\leq n+1$. To this end we develop a refinement of the technique from our earlier work (A. Sergyeyev, J. Phys. A: Math. Gen, 35 (2002), 7653--7660), where we completely characterized all (1+1)-dimensional evolution systems $\bi{u}_t=\bi{F}(x,t,\bi{u},\p\bi{u}/\p x,...,\p^n\bi{u}/\p x^n)$ that are conditionally invariant under a given generalized (Lie--Bäcklund) vector field $\bi{Q}(x,t,\bi{u},\p\bi{u}/\p x,...,\p^k\bi{u}/\p …
We present a proof of positivity of an invariant kernel, which is of basic importance for the Staruszkiewicz theory of the quantum Coulomb field. Presented proof of positivity is independent of the Staruszkiewicz theory and is based on the classical Schoenberg's theorem for conditionally negative definite functions, as well as on the generalized Bochner's theorem.
In this paper we discuss conservation laws in ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and gas dynamics associated with advected invariants. The invariants in some cases, can be related to fluid relabelling symmetries associated with the Lagrangian map. There are different classes of invariants that are advected or Lie dragged with the flow. Simple examples are the advection of the entropy S (a 0-form), and the conservation of magnetic flux (an invariant 2-form advected with the flow). The magnetic flux conservation law is equivalent to Faraday's equation. We discuss the gauge condition required for t…
The SWKB quantization condition is an exact quantization condition for the conventional shape-invariant potentials. On the other hand, this condition equation does not hold for other known solvable systems. The origin of the (non-)exactness is understood in the context of the quantum Hamilton--Jacobi formalism. First, we confirm the statement and show inexplicit properties numerically for the case of the conditionally exactly solvable systems by Junker and Roy. The SWKB condition breaks for this case, but the condition equation is restored within a certain degree of accuracy. We propose a nove…
Two non-local asymptotic invariants of magnetic fields for the ideal magnetohydrodynamics are introduced. The velocity of variation of the invariants for a non-ideal magnetohydrodynamics with a small magnetic dissipation is estimated. By means of the invariants the spectra of electromagnetic fields are investigated. A possible role of higher magnetic helicities during a relaxation of magnetic fields is discussed.
The Godbillon-Vey invariant occurs in homology theory, and algebraic topology, when conditions for a co-dimension 1, foliation of a 3D manifold are satisfied. The magnetic Godbillon-Vey helicity invariant in magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) is a higher order helicity invariant that occurs for flows, in which the magnetic helicity density $h_m={\bf A}{\bf\cdot}{\bf B}={\bf A}{\bf\cdot}(\nabla\times{\bf A})=0$, where ${\bf A}$ is the magnetic vector potential and ${\bf B}$ is the magnetic induction. This paper obtains evolution equations for the magnetic Godbillon-Vey field $\boldsymbolη={\bf A}\times…
We classify Lie-Poisson brackets that are formed from Lie algebra extensions. The problem is relevant because many physical systems owe their Hamiltonian structure to such brackets. A classification involves reducing all brackets to a set of normal forms, independent under coordinate transformations, and is achieved with the techniques of Lie algebra cohomology. For extensions of order less than five, we find that the number of normal forms is small and they involve no free parameters. A special extension, known as the Leibniz extension, is shown to be the unique ``maximal'' extension. We deri…
Because different constraints are imposed, stability conditions for dissipationless fluids and magnetofluids may take different forms when derived within the Lagrangian, Eulerian (energy-Casimir), or dynamical accessible frameworks. This is in particular the case when flows are present. These differences are explored explicitly by working out in detail two magnetohydrodynamic examples: convection against gravity in a stratified fluid and translationally invariant perturbations of a rotating magnetized plasma pinch. In this second example we show in explicit form how to perform the time-depende…
We present a new family of shape invariant potentials which could be called a ``continuous \ell version" of the potentials corresponding to the exceptional (X_{\ell}) J1 Jacobi polynomials constructed recently by the present authors. In a certain limit, it reduces to a continuous \ell family of shape invariant potentials related to the exceptional (X_{\ell}) L1 Laguerre polynomials. The latter was known as one example of the `conditionally exactly solvable potentials' on a half line.
We present the method of group foliation for constructing non-invariant solutions of partial differential equations on an important example of the Boyer-Finley equation from the theory of gravitational instantons. We show that the commutativity constraint for a pair of invariant differential operators leads to a set of its non-invariant solutions. In the second part of the paper we demonstrate how the hodograph transformation of the ultra-hyperbolic version of Boyer-Finley equation in an obvious way leads to its non-invariant solution obtained recently by Manas and Alonso. Due to extra symmetr…
The conformal Galilei algebra (CGA) and the exotic conformal Galilei algebra (ECGA) are applied to construct partial differential equations (PDEs) and systems of PDEs, which admit these algebras. We show that there are no single second-order PDEs invariant under the CGA but systems of PDEs can admit this algebra. Moreover, a wide class of nonlinear PDEs exists, which are conditionally invariant under CGA. It is further shown that there are systems of non-linear PDEs admitting ECGA with the realisation obtained very recently in [D. Martelli and Y. Tachikawa, arXiv:0903.5184v2 [hep-th] (2009)]. …
The invariance of nonlinear partial differential equations under a certain infinite-dimensional Lie algebra A_N(z) in N spatial dimensions is studied. The special case A_1(2) was introduced in J. Stat. Phys. {\bf 75}, 1023 (1994) and contains the Schrödinger Lie algebra sch_1 as a Lie subalgebra. It is shown that there is no second-order equation which is invariant under the massless realizations of A_N(z). However, a large class of strongly non-linear partial differential equations is found which are conditionally invariant with respect to the massless realization of A_N(z) such that the well…
