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arXiv 2106.09571cond-mat.mtrl-sci
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非化学计量比LaFeO $_3$中缺陷和相形成的理论与实验研究

Defects and Phase Formation in Non-Stoichiometric LaFeO$_3$: a Combined Theoretical and Experimental Study

Daniel Mutter, Roland Schierholz, Daniel F. Urban, Sabrina A. Heuer, Thorsten Ohlerth, Hans Kungl, Christian Elsässer, Rüdiger-A. Eichel

摘要:

钙钛矿化合物的缺陷化学与过渡金属离子的化学计量和价态直接相关。缺陷工程已经变得越来越受欢迎,因为它提供了影响钙钛矿的催化性能的可能性,用于能量存储和转换装置,如固体氧化物燃料和电解槽电池。LaFeO $_3$(LFO)可以被认为是催化活性钙钛矿家族的基础化合物La $_{1-x}$ A $_x$ Fe $_{1-y}$ B $_y$ O $_{3-δ}$,其缺陷化学以及电子和离子电导率可以通过阳离子位点上的取代来调节。结合理论和实验的方法,我们探讨了A位空位工程的适用性,即通过合成La缺陷LFO来主动操纵Fe的价态和点缺陷浓度的可行性。通过第一性原理DFT+U计算确定了点缺陷的形成能和浓度随加工条件的变化。基于这些结果,不能通过在固态加工路线中提供氧化前体化合物(Fe $_2$ O $_3$和La $_2$ O $_3$)的富或贫条件来预期与化学计量LFO的显著组成偏差。在实验部分中,合成具有靶向La位点缺陷的LFO。我们通过X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜,(扫描)透射电子显微镜结合能量色散X射线光谱,和电子能量损失谱分析所得到的相。代替La/Fe比的变化,观察到两相Fe $_2$ O $_3$和LFO的混合物,导致Fe的不变电荷状态,与理论结果一致。我们讨论了我们的研究结果与部分不同的假设,在以前的研究中,这个材料系统。

英文摘要:

The defect chemistry of perovskite compounds is directly related to the stoichiometry and to the valence states of the transition-metal ions. Defect engineering has become increasingly popular as it offers the possibility to influence the catalytic properties of perovskites for applications in energy storage and conversion devices such as solid-oxide fuel- and electrolyzer cells. LaFeO$_3$ (LFO) can be regarded as a base compound of the family of catalytically active perovskites La$_{1-x}$A$_x$Fe$_{1-y}$B$_y$O$_{3-δ}$, for which the defect chemistry as well as the electronic and ionic conductivity can be tuned by substitution on cationic sites. Combining theoretical and experimental approaches, we explore the suitability for A-site vacancy engineering, namely the feasibility of actively manipulating the valence state of Fe and the concentration of point defects by synthesizing La-deficient LFO. Formation energies and concentrations of point defects were determined as a function of processing conditions by first-principles DFT+U calculations. Based on the results, significant compositional deviations from stoichiometric LFO cannot be expected by providing rich or poor conditions of the oxidic precursor compounds (Fe$_2$O$_3$ and La$_2$O$_3$) in a solid-state processing route. In the experimental part, LFO was synthesized with a targeted La-site deficiency. We analyze the resulting phases by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, (scanning) transmission electron microscopy in combination with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and electron energy-loss spectrometry. Instead of a variation of the La/Fe ratio, a mixture of the two phases Fe$_2$O$_3$ and LFO was observed, resulting in an invariant charge state of Fe, in line with the theoretical results. We discuss our findings with respect to partly differing assumptions made in previous studies on this material system.

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