钙钛矿化合物的缺陷化学与过渡金属离子的化学计量和价态直接相关。缺陷工程已经变得越来越受欢迎,因为它提供了影响钙钛矿的催化性能的可能性,用于能量存储和转换装置,如固体氧化物燃料和电解槽电池。LaFeO $_3$(LFO)可以被认为是催化活性钙钛矿家族的基础化合物La $_{1-x}$ A $_x$ Fe $_{1-y}$ B $_y$ O $_{3-δ}$,其缺陷化学以及电子和离子电导率可以通过阳离子位点上的取代来调节。结合理论和实验的方法,我们探讨了A位空位工程的适用性,即通过合成La缺陷LFO来主动操纵Fe的价态和点缺陷浓度的可行性。通过第一性原理DFT+U计算确定了点缺陷的形成能和浓度随加工条件的变化。基于这些结果,不能通过在固态加工路线中提供氧化前体化合物(Fe $_2$ O $_3$和La $_2$ O $_3$)的富或贫条件来预期与化学计量LFO的显著组成偏差。在实验部分中,合成具有靶向La位点缺陷的LFO。我们通过X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜,(扫描)透射电子显微镜结合能量色散X射线光谱,和电子能量损失谱分析所得到的相。代替La/Fe比的变化,观察到两相Fe $_2$ O $_3$和LFO的混合物,导致Fe的不变电荷状态,与理论结果一致。我们讨论了我们的研究结果与部分不同的假设,在以前的研究中,这个材料系统。
英文摘要:
The defect chemistry of perovskite compounds is directly related to the stoichiometry and to the valence states of the transition-metal ions. Defect engineering has become increasingly popular as it offers the possibility to influence the catalytic properties of perovskites for applications in energy storage and conversion devices such as solid-oxide fuel- and electrolyzer cells. LaFeO$_3$ (LFO) can be regarded as a base compound of the family of catalytically active perovskites La$_{1-x}$A$_x$Fe$_{1-y}$B$_y$O$_{3-δ}$, for which the defect chemistry as well as the electronic and ionic conductivity can be tuned by substitution on cationic sites. Combining theoretical and experimental approaches, we explore the suitability for A-site vacancy engineering, namely the feasibility of actively manipulating the valence state of Fe and the concentration of point defects by synthesizing La-deficient LFO. Formation energies and concentrations of point defects were determined as a function of processing conditions by first-principles DFT+U calculations. Based on the results, significant compositional deviations from stoichiometric LFO cannot be expected by providing rich or poor conditions of the oxidic precursor compounds (Fe$_2$O$_3$ and La$_2$O$_3$) in a solid-state processing route. In the experimental part, LFO was synthesized with a targeted La-site deficiency. We analyze the resulting phases by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, (scanning) transmission electron microscopy in combination with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and electron energy-loss spectrometry. Instead of a variation of the La/Fe ratio, a mixture of the two phases Fe$_2$O$_3$ and LFO was observed, resulting in an invariant charge state of Fe, in line with the theoretical results. We discuss our findings with respect to partly differing assumptions made in previous studies on this material system.
Thermodynamics of the Heusler alloy Co_2-xMn_1+xSi: a combined density functional theory and cluster expansion study
先前的研究表明,本征点缺陷对铁磁半金属带隙区的态密度起着至关重要的作用:在大浓度下,缺陷衍生的带可能会关闭少数自旋通道中费米能处的带隙。本工作采用全电子密度泛函理论参数化的集团展开方法研究了Heusler合金Co_2-xMn_1+xSi(-1 < x < 2)中Co和Mn亚晶格的结构无序。通过建立两个单独的集群扩展,一个为形成能量和总自旋矩,我们在位置,以确定不同的配置的稳定性,预测新的(也是半金属)基态和扩展已知的斯莱特鲍林规则理想的化学计量的Heusler合金,非化学计量的,富锰的组合物。这使我们能够确定潜在的半金属结构中的锰丰富的区域。借助于基于团簇展开的蒙特卡罗模拟,我们从理论上建立了接近化学计量组成的Co_2-xMn_1+xSi在热力学平衡时应该表现出高度的结构有序性。因此,用正确的化学计量制备的样品在热退火后确实应该是半金属的。此外,我们预测,添加少量的Mn到化学计量的Co_2MnSi允许抑制有害的Co反位的热激活形成。在富Mn组分(x>1)下,零温下的有序基态结构是热不稳定的,在室温以上分解为Co_2MnSi和Mn_3Si。
Fermi Level Instability as a Way to Tailor Properties of La3Te4
传统上认为非化学计量比化合物的形成是生长效应而不是体系的内在趋势。然而,在这里,使用La 3 Te 4的例子,我们证明,在n型带隙金属具有大的内部间隙之间的主带边和费米能级的主导带内,费米能级的不稳定性可以发展,导致减少的受主缺陷的形成能量。具体而言,La空位在La 3 Te 4中自发形成以产生受主态并通过电子-空穴复合从主导带移除一部分自由载流子。这种独特的自掺杂机制允许稳定一系列非化学计量的La 3-xTe 4化合物,其具有不同的电子性质。此外,我们因此显示如何控制合成条件可以用作旋钮,以达到目标功能,包括可控的金属到绝缘体的过渡。
The effects of non-stoichiometric lattice structure and secondary phase α-Fe2O3 on modifying the magnetic, electrical, and magneto-electric properties of Eu doped BaFe12O19 hexaferrite
Pondicherry University(本地治里大学);UGC – DAE Consortium for Scientific Research Mumbai Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre(UGC-DAE科学研究联合体孟买中心,巴哈原子研究中心)
Precursor stoichiometry controls dopant structure, defect chemistry, and valence in Mn-doped ZnGa$_2$O$_4$ nanocrystals
HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics(匈牙利科学院维格纳物理研究中心);Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics(凝聚态物理与光学研究所);Budapest University of Technology and Economics(布达佩斯科技经济大学);University of Notre Dame(圣母大学)
Electronic localization on the structural inhomogeneities formed due to Bi and Te deficiency in the MBE grown films of AFM topological insulator MnBi2Te4: Evidence from spectroscopic ellipsometry and infrared studies
Simulating the influence of stoichiometry on the spectral emissivity of Mo$_x$Si$_y$ thin films
University of Twente, Faculty of Science and Technology(特温特大学理学院);MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology(MESA+纳米技术研究所);ASML Research, Materials and Chemistry(ASML研究部材料化学组)
研究通过密度泛函微扰理论模拟 Mo$_x$Si$_y$ 不同化学计量比晶体相的光谱发射率,发现其发射率与 Mo 含量无直接关联,且通过缺陷引入可提高 MoSi$_2$ 薄膜的红外发射率。
Solvent-Directed Femtosecond Laser Ablation: Tuning Phase and Defect Engineering in Hybrid CdPS3/CdS Nanostructures
Moscow Center for Advanced Studies(莫斯科高级研究中心);Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research(核物理弗兰克实验室,俄罗斯联合核研究所);Emerging Technologies Research Center, XPANCEO(新兴技术中心,XPANCEO);Department of General Physics, Perm National Research Polytechnic University(彼尔姆国立研究理工大学普通物理系)
Single-crystalline CrSb(0001) thin films grown by dc magnetron co-sputtering
Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences(捷克科学院物理研究所);University of Regensburg(雷根斯堡大学);Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)(挪威科技大学);ETH Zurich(苏黎世联邦理工学院);Center for Quantum Devices, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen(哥本哈根大学尼尔斯·玻尔研究所量子器件中心);Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University(东北大学电气通信研究所);Tohoku University(东北大学);Charles University(查理大学);Czech Technical University in Prague(布拉格捷克理工大学);University of Nottingham(诺丁汉大学)
Hydrogen diffusion in TiCr$_2$H$_x$ Laves phases: A combined ab initio and machine-learning-potential study
University of Stuttgart(斯图加特大学);Ruhr-Universität Bochum(波鸿鲁尔大学);Max-Planck-Institut for Sustainable Materials(马克斯·普朗克可持续材料研究所);Kyushu University(九州大学);Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.(三井化学株式会社)