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arXiv 2104.09526astro-ph.GA
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在没有杆屈曲的情况下形成的方形/花生状/X形凸起中的恒星年龄分布

Age distribution of stars in boxy/peanut/X-shaped bulges formed without bar buckling

Junichi Baba, Daisuke Kawata, Ralph Schönrich

摘要:

一些棒星系,包括银河系,拥有一个四四方方/花生/X形的凸起(BPX形凸起)。以往的研究表明,BPX形凸起可以通过杆屈曲或垂直内Lindblad共振(VILR)加热而不屈曲。在本文中,我们研究了可观察到的后果的BPX形隆起后,通过VILR加热无屈曲酒吧形成迅速建立,使用N-体/流体力学模拟一个孤立的银河系般的星系。我们发现BPX形的凸起主要是由在酒吧形成之前出生的恒星组成的。这是因为除了核星盘(NSD)区域和它的尖端之外,棒抑制了恒星的形成。在杆端附近形成的恒星具有较高的雅可比能量,当这些恒星失去角动量时,它们的非圆能量增加以保持雅可比能量。这防止它们到达vILR以被加热到BPX区域。相反,NSD形成后,酒吧形成。从这个模拟和一般的考虑,我们预计,年龄分布的NSD和BPX形隆起形成没有酒吧屈曲不相互重叠。然后,这些组件之间的过渡年龄背叛了酒吧的形成时间,并在未来的银河系和河外棒星系的观测是可以检验的。

英文摘要:

Some barred galaxies, including the Milky Way, host a boxy/peanut/X-shaped bulge (BPX-shaped bulge). Previous studies suggested that the BPX-shaped bulge can either be developed by bar buckling or by vertical inner Lindblad resonance (vILR) heating without buckling. In this paper, we study the observable consequence of an BPX-shaped bulge built up quickly after bar formation via vILR heating without buckling, using an N-body/hydrodynamics simulation of an isolated Milky Way-like galaxy. We found that the BPX-shaped bulge is dominated by stars born prior to bar formation. This is because the bar suppresses star formation, except for the nuclear stellar disc (NSD) region and its tips. The stars formed near the bar ends have higher Jacobi energy, and when these stars lose their angular momentum, their non-circular energy increases to conserve Jacobi energy. This prevents them from reaching the vILR to be heated to the BPX region. By contrast, the NSD forms after the bar formation. From this simulation and general considerations, we expect that the age distributions of the NSD and BPX-shaped bulge formed without bar buckling do not overlap each other. Then, the transition age between these components betrays the formation time of the bar, and is testable in future observations of the Milky Way and extra-galactic barred galaxies.

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