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arXiv 2104.03534astro-ph.SR
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太阳黑子群中黑子的大小分布

On the size distribution of spots within sunspot groups

Sudip Mandal, Natalie A. Krivova, Robert Cameron, Sami K. Solanki

备注：
Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
发表信息：
A&A 652, A9 (2021)
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摘要：

太阳黑子的大小分布提供了有关太阳磁场产生和出现过程的关键信息。以前的研究主要集中在整个群体或个别斑点面积的大小分布。在本文中，我们调查的组织内的太阳黑子群的黑子面积。特别地，我们分析了一组内最大斑点（$\rm{A_{big\_spot}}$）的面积与该组的总面积（$\rm{A_{group}}$）的比率$\rm{R}$。我们使用来自Kislosk，Pulkovo和Debrecen天文台的太阳黑子观测，共同涵盖太阳活动周期17至24。我们发现，当群面积达到最大值时，群中最大的一个点通常占群面积的60%左右。对于所有组中的一半，$\rm R$处于大约50%和70%之间的范围内。我们还发现R随组面积$\rm{A_{group}}$而变化，使得对于具有$\rm{A_{group}}\approx 200μ$ Hem的组，$\rm{R}$达到约0.65的最大值，然后对于较大的组保持在约0.6。我们的研究结果意味着一个规模不变的出现模式，提供了一个观察约束的出现过程。此外，外推我们的研究结果，以更大的太阳黑子群可能有一个关系的巨大的未解决的星点功能发现在多普勒图像的高度活跃的太阳类恒星。我们的研究结果表明，这样的巨大特征是由多个斑点组成的，最大的斑点大约占总群面积的55- 75%（即在多普勒图像中看到的巨大恒星斑点的面积）。

英文摘要：

Size distribution of sunspots provides key information about the generation and emergence processes of the solar magnetic field. Previous studies on the size distribution have primarily focused on either the whole group or individual spot areas. In this paper, we investigate the organization of spot areas within sunspot groups. In particular, we analyze the ratio, $\rm{R}$, of the area of the biggest spot ($\rm{A_{big\_spot}}$) inside a group, to the total area of that group ($\rm{A_{group}}$). We use sunspot observations from Kislovodsk, Pulkovo and Debrecen observatories, together covering solar cycles 17 to 24. We find that at the time when the group area reaches its maximum, the single biggest spot in a group typically occupies about 60% of the group area. For half of all groups, $\rm R$ lies in the range between roughly 50% and 70%. We also find R to change with the group area, $\rm{A_{group}}$, such that $\rm{R}$ reaches a maximum of about 0.65 for groups with $\rm{A_{group}}\approx 200μ$Hem and then remains at about 0.6 for lager groups. Our findings imply a scale invariant emergence pattern, providing an observational constraint on the emergence process. Furthermore, extrapolation of our results to larger sunspot groups may have a bearing on the giant unresolved starspot features found in Doppler images of highly active sun-like stars. Our results suggest that such giant features are composed of multiple spots, with the largest spot occupying roughly 55--75% of the total group area (i.e. of the area of the giant starspots seen in Doppler images).

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