arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2209.09381astro-ph.SR
收藏

太阳黑子$δ$本影磁结的特征

Characterizing the Umbral Magnetic Knots of $δ$-Sunspots

A. A. Norton, P. J. Levens, K. J. Knizhnik, M. G. Linton, Y. Liu

摘要:

Delta($δ$)-斑点是其中正和负本影共享半影的活动区(AR)。它们被认为是强烈耀斑的来源。我们引入了一个新的量,度的$δ$(做$δ$),以衡量的本影通量参与$δ$ -配置和隔离的磁结,即相邻的本影的动力学$δ$ -配置。利用日震和磁象仪资料,详细分析了19个$δ$样点和11个$β$样点,以及120个$δ$样点.我们发现$δ$ -区域在整个时间内并不处于$δ$ -配置中,而是花费其观察时间的55 $\%$作为$δ$ -斑点,平均最大Do $δ$为72 $\%$。与$β$ -黑子相比,$δ$ -黑子的最大本影通量为2.6 $\times$,通量出现率为1.9 $\times$,自转为2.6 $\times$,耀斑能量为72 $\times$.平均而言,磁结旋转17 $^{\circ}$天$^{-1}$,而$β$ -点旋转2 $^{\circ}$天$^{-1}$。大约72个$\%$磁结呈现出反黑尔或反乔伊倾斜,与只有9个$β$斑点的$\%$形成鲜明对比。在$ϕ_{Doδ}$和该区域发出的耀斑能量之间存在正相关。$δ$ -斑点遵守当时的半球电流螺旋度规则64 $\%$。其中84个$δ$由单次磁通出射事件形成,58个$\%$具有四极磁位形。$δ$ -斑点特征与形成机制特征一致,如下所示:42个$\%$具有扭结不稳定性或Sigma效应,32个$\%$具有多段浮力,16个$\%$具有碰撞和两个未分类但与上升O形环一致的活动区域。

英文摘要:

Delta ($δ$)-spots are active regions (ARs) in which positive and negative umbrae share a penumbra. They are known to be the source of strong flares. We introduce a new quantity, the degree of $δ$ (Do$δ$), to measure the fraction of umbral flux participating in the $δ$-configuration and to isolate the dynamics of the magnetic knot, i.e. adjacent umbrae in the $δ$-configuration. Using Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager data, we analyze 19 $δ$-spots and 11 $β$-spots in detail, and 120 $δ$-spots in less detail. We find that $δ$-regions are not in a $δ$-configuration for the entire time but spend 55$\%$ of their observed time as $δ$-spots with an average, maximum Do$δ$ of 72$\%$. Compared to $β$-spots, $δ$-spots have 2.6$\times$ the maximum umbral flux, 1.9$\times$ the flux emergence rate, 2.6$\times$ the rotation, and 72$\times$ the flare energy. On average, the magnetic knots rotate 17$^{\circ}$ day$^{-1}$ while the $β$-spots rotate 2$^{\circ}$ day$^{-1}$. Approximately 72$\%$ of the magnetic knots present anti-Hale or anti-Joy tilts, contrasting starkly with only 9$\%$ of the $β$-spots. A positive correlation exists between $ϕ_{Doδ}$ and the flare energy emitted by that region. The $δ$-spots obey the hemispheric current helicity rule 64$\%$ of the time. 84$\%$ of the $δ$-spots are formed by single flux emergence events and 58$\%$ have a quadrupolar magnetic configuration. The $δ$-spot characteristics are consistent with the formation mechanism signatures as follows: 42$\%$ with the kink instability or Sigma effect, 32$\%$ with multi-segment buoyancy, 16$\%$ with collisions and two active regions that are unclassified but consistent with a rising O-ring.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑