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arXiv 1108.4285astro-ph.SR
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第23太阳活动周期间太阳黑子性质的演变

Evolution of sunspot properties during solar cycle 23

Fraser T. Watson, Lyndsay Fletcher, Stephen Marshall

摘要:

如果我们要确定太阳黑子特性的演变,从而为太阳发电机的建模提供信息,特别是在太阳周期的尺度上,对太阳的长期研究是必要的。我们的目标是确定一些太阳黑子的属性周期23使用SOHO迈克尔逊多普勒成像仪数据提供的统一数据库。我们特别关注它们在太阳盘面上的分布、最大磁场和本影/半影区域。我们调查是否长期减少太阳黑子最大磁场报告基特峰数据也存在于MDI数据。我们已经使用了太阳黑子跟踪和识别算法(STARA)来检测SOHO迈克尔逊多普勒成像仪连续数据中存在的所有太阳黑子,为我们提供了30084个单独的检测。我们记录了太阳黑子的位置,面积和磁场属性的信息和相应的信息,为太阳黑子内检测到的阴影区,并跟踪他们通过他们的演变。我们发现,在太阳活动周期的各个阶段,总的可见本影面积占总的可见黑子面积的20-40%。我们发现,观测到的太阳黑子数遵循太阳影响数据中心国际太阳黑子数与一些有趣的偏差。最后,我们利用星表中的磁信息研究了黑子本影内磁场强度的长期变化,发现磁场强度随黑子数的增加而增加,随黑子数的增加而减小。然而,如果我们假设基特峰的数据报告了长期的下降,并考虑到整个太阳周期的太阳黑子,我们会发现最大本影磁场每年下降23.6 \pm 3.9高斯,这远远低于以前观察到的其他研究。如果我们只看第23周的下降阶段,我们发现太阳黑子磁场的减少是每年70高斯。

英文摘要:

The long term study of the Sun is necessary if we are to determine the evolution of sunspot properties and thereby inform modeling of the solar dynamo, particularly on scales of a solar cycle. We aim to determine a number of sunspot properties over cycle 23 using the uniform database provided by the SOHO Michelson Doppler Imager data. We focus in particular on their distribution on the solar disk, maximum magnetic field and umbral/penumbral areas. We investigate whether the secular decrease in sunspot maximum magnetic field reported in Kitt Peak data is present also in MDI data. We have used the Sunspot Tracking And Recognition Algorithm (STARA) to detect all sunspots present in the SOHO Michelson Doppler Imager continuum data giving us 30 084 separate detections. We record information on the sunspot locations, area and magnetic field properties and corresponding information for the umbral areas detected within the sunspots, and track them through their evolution. We find the total visible umbral area is 20-40% of the total visible sunspot area at all stages of the solar cycle. We find that the number of sunspots observed follows the Solar Influences Data Centre International Sunspot Number with some interesting deviations. Finally, we use the magnetic information in our catalogue to study the long term variation of magnetic field strength within sunspot umbrae and find that it increases and decreases along with the sunspot number. However, if we were to assume a secular decreaseas was reported in the Kitt Peak data and take into account sunspots throughout the whole solar cycle we would find the maximum umbral magnetic fields to be decreasing by 23.6 \pm 3.9 Gauss per year, which is far less than has previously been observed by other studies. If we only look at the declining phase of cycle 23 we find the decrease in sunspot magnetic fields to be 70 Gauss per year.

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