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arXiv 1909.04537astro-ph.SR
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对太阳黑子周期25的强度和时间的预测揭示了十年尺度的空间环境条件

Prediction of the strength and timing of sunspot cycle 25 reveal decadal-scale space environmental conditions

Prantika Bhowmik, Dibyendu Nandy

摘要:

太阳的活动周期控制着日光层中的辐射、粒子和磁通量,从而产生危险的空间天气。十年尺度的变化决定了空间气候,并影响着地球大气层。然而,预测太阳周期是一项挑战。目前的理解表明,在前一个周期最小值时,预测的最佳窗口很短。利用太阳表面和内部的磁场演化模型,我们进行了第一个世纪规模的,数据驱动的太阳活动模拟,并提出了一个方案,将预测窗口扩展到十年。我们的集合预测表明,第25个周期将与当前周期相似或略强,并在2024年左右达到峰值。因此,太阳黑子周期25可能会扭转太阳活动大幅减弱的趋势,这种趋势导致人们猜测即将出现类似蒙德的大极小期和全球气候变冷。我们的模拟结果表明,太阳黑子倾角分布的波动是太阳活动周期变化的主要机制。

英文摘要:

The Sun's activity cycle governs the radiation, particle and magnetic flux in the heliosphere creating hazardous space weather. Decadal-scale variations define space climate and force the Earth's atmosphere. However, predicting the solar cycle is challenging. Current understanding indicates a short window for prediction best achieved at previous cycle minima. Utilizing magnetic field evolution models for the Sun's surface and interior we perform the first century-scale, data-driven simulations of solar activity and present a scheme for extending the prediction window to a decade. Our ensemble forecast indicates cycle 25 would be similar or slightly stronger than the current cycle and peak around 2024. Sunspot cycle 25 may thus reverse the substantial weakening trend in solar activity which has led to speculation of an imminent Maunder-like grand minimum and cooling global climate. Our simulations demonstrate fluctuation in the tilt angle distribution of sunspots is the dominant mechanism responsible for solar cycle variability.

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