太阳周期的突然死亡可以告诉我们太阳内部的性质
What the sudden death of solar cycles can tell us about the nature of the solar interior
摘要：
我们通过结合近140年的地面和空间观测，观察到太阳赤道处太阳活动周期的突然结束。这些“终结者”事件似乎与属于中纬度下一个太阳黑子周期的磁活动的开始和高纬度的极反转过程密切相关。使用多尺度示踪剂的太阳活动，我们研究这些事件的时间与新的活动的激发，并发现太阳等离子体通信这种过渡所需的时间是一个太阳旋转的顺序，但可以更短。利用独特的全面的太阳观测从日地关系天文台（STEREO），太阳动力学天文台（SDO），我们看到，这个过渡事件是强烈的纵向性质。结合起来，这些特征意味着磁信息通过太阳内部迅速传播。存在一系列的可能性来解释这种行为：在深层内部存在磁重联，太阳速跃层上的内部重力波，或者太阳对流区的磁场可能非常大，极向场强度达到50 k-比传统的太阳和恒星发电机探测估计的要大得多。无论机制负责，快速的时间尺度所表现出的太阳的全球磁场重新配置目前的第一原理数值模拟的太阳内部，并通过扩展，其他恒星的强大约束。
英文摘要：
We observe the abrupt end of solar activity cycles at the Sun's equator by combining almost 140 years of observations from ground and space. These "terminator" events appear to be very closely related to the onset of magnetic activity belonging to the next sunspot cycle at mid-latitudes and the polar-reversal process at high-latitudes. Using multi-scale tracers of solar activity we examine the timing of these events in relation to the excitation of new activity and find that the time taken for the solar plasma to communicate this transition is of the order of one solar rotation, but could be shorter. Utilizing uniquely comprehensive solar observations from the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO), and Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) we see that this transitional event is strongly longitudinal in nature. Combined, these characteristics imply that magnetic information is communicated through the solar interior rapidly. A range of possibilities exist to explain such behavior: the presence of magnetic reconnection in the deep interior, internal gravity waves on the solar tachocline, or that the magnetic fields present in the Sun's convection zone could be very large, with a poloidal field strengths reaching 50k - considerably larger than conventional explorations of solar and stellar dynamos estimate. Regardless of mechanism responsible, the rapid timescales demonstrated by the Sun's global magnetic field reconfiguration present strong constraints on first-principles numerical simulations of the solar interior and, by extension, other stars.
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