太阳磁活动周期的“另一类”世纪尺度记录：来自恒星的启示
The "Other" Centuries-Long Record of Solar Magnetic Activity Cycles: Lessons From the Stars
- Penn State（宾夕法尼亚州立大学）
- Center for Solar-Stellar Connections, WDRC（太阳-恒星联系中心，WDRC）
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University（罗兰大学）
- Nagoya University（名古屋大学）
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University（地球环境研究所，名古屋大学）
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University（先进研究院，名古屋大学）
- RAL Space, Science and Technology Facilities Council（拉尔夫空间部，英国科学与技术设施委员会）
- Riken Nishina Centre（理化学研究所仁科中心）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
AI总结：
该综述综合太阳与恒星磁活动记录，揭示类太阳发电机普遍存在，而类似蒙德极小期的磁极大极小事件极为罕见，并阐明恒星自转减慢至临界罗斯比数后磁活动减弱、周期受抑的演化图景。
AI中文摘要：
空间气候与太阳磁活动的研究，以及恒星发电机与磁周期的研究，因学科分野及可用数据质量的差异而彼此分离：太阳为我们提供了关于单颗恒星的详细知识，而恒星则提供了跨越一系列（有时知之甚少的）质量与年龄的、相对稀疏的数据。本综述由恒星天文学、空间气候和太阳物理学领域的专家合作撰写，旨在为太阳及恒星的磁活动记录如何揭示恒星发电机在十年、千年及恒星演化时间尺度上的运行机制提供指南。综述回顾了历史上的太阳黑子记录、陆地宇宙成因同位素记录，以及对数十颗在质量、年龄和金属丰度上接近太阳值的类太阳恒星进行的长达数十年的色球活动测量。特别强调了蒙德极小期，以及在恒星记录中寻找类似事件，尤其是最近在恒星HD 166620中发现的正在进行的磁极大极小事件。这些记录表明，类太阳发电机是类太阳恒星的常见特征，而类似于蒙德极小期的磁极大极小事件可能非常罕见，在3000恒星年的磁活动记录中仅识别出一例。太阳与恒星发电机研究共同将一幅仍显模糊的图景逐渐聚焦：随着恒星在数十亿年间自转减慢至接近太阳值的临界罗斯比数，恒星磁活动减弱，此时恒星周期开始受到抑制。这些抑制期表现为磁极大极小，其发生频率增加，直至成为永久状态，恒星进入一个磁活动极低且恒定的时期。
英文摘要：
Studies of space climate and solar magnetic activity and studies of stellar dynamos and magnetic cycles are separated by discipline and by the quality of the data we have to work with: the Sun gives us detailed knowledge of a single star, while the stars give us comparatively sparse data across a range of (sometimes poorly known) masses and ages. This review, a collaboration among scientists with expertise in stellar astronomy, space climate, and solar physics, seeks to provide a guide to what the Sun's and stars' magnetic activity records can tell us about how stellar dynamos operate on decadal, millennial, and stellar-evolutionary timescales. It reviews the historical Solar sunspot record, terrestrial cosmogenic isotope records, and decades-long chromospheric activity measurements of dozens of sun-like stars across a range of masses, ages, and metallicities near the solar value. Particular emphasis is placed on the Maunder minimum, and the hunt for similar events in the stellar record, especially the recently discovered grand minimum event ongoing in the star HD 166620. These records show that solar-like dynamos are a common feature of Sun-like stars, and magnetic grand minimum events akin to the Maunder minimum might be very rare, with only one identified in 3,000 star-years of magnetic activity records. Together, solar and stellar dynamo studies are bringing a still-fuzzy picture into focus in which stellar magnetic activity weakens as stars spin down over billions of years towards a critical Rossby number near the solar value, at which point stellar cycles begin to be frustrated. These periods of frustration manifest as magnetic grand minima, and increase in frequency until they become permanent and stars enter a period of very low and constant magnetic activity.
