1618-1626年期间Charles Malapert的太阳黑子观测：了解蒙德极小期之前太阳活动的关键数据集
Sunspot observations by Charles Malapert during the period 1618-1626: a key dataset to understand solar activity before the Maunder minimum
摘要：
对查尔斯·马拉佩特（Charles Malapert）在1618年至1626年期间所做的太阳黑子观测进行了修订，研究了包括这些观测在内的几个文献来源。马拉珀特对这一时期太阳黑子群数量的订正计算显示了目前太阳黑子群数据库中无法获得的新信息。根据马拉珀特的这些修订记录计算出的平均太阳活动水平比根据他在当前小组数据库中的记录计算出的平均太阳活动水平高出近三分之一。比较马拉佩特和当时其他天文学家对太阳黑子的观测结果，发现它们在记录的太阳黑子群的数量和太阳黑子在日面上的位置上有很好的一致性。马拉珀特报告说，他在《太阳黑子》（包括马拉珀特所做的大部分黑子记录的文献资料）中的每幅黑子图中只记录了一个黑子群，尽管他有时会观察到几个黑子群。因此，在目前的工作中获得的太阳黑子计数马拉佩特的太阳黑子观测代表了太阳活动水平的下限对应于这些记录。
英文摘要：
A revision is presented of the sunspot observations made by Charles Malapert from 1618 to 1626, studying several documentary sources that include those observations. The revised accounting of the group numbers recorded by Malapert for that period shows new information unavailable in the current sunspot group database. The average solar activity level calculated from these revised records of Malapert is by almost one third greater than that calculated from his records included in the current group database. Comparison of the sunspot observations made by Malapert and by other astronomers of that time with regard to the number of recorded groups and sunspot positions on the solar disk shows good agreement. Malapert reported that he only recorded one sunspot group in each sunspot drawing presented in Austriaca Sidera Heliocyclia (the documentary source which includes most of the sunspot records made by Malapert), although he sometimes observed several groups. Therefore, the sunspot counts obtained in this present work on Malapert's sunspot observations represents the lower limit of the solar activity level corresponding to those records.
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