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arXiv 2103.16601quant-phcond-mat.mes-hallcond-mat.quant-gascond-mat.stat-mechhep-th
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取纯量子态的温度

Taking the temperature of a pure quantum state

Mark T. Mitchison, Archak Purkayastha, Marlon Brenes, Alessandro Silva, John Goold

摘要:

温度是一个看似简单的概念,但它仍然在量子物理研究的前沿提出了深刻的问题。在完全孤立的量子系统(如冷原子量子模拟器)中观察到的热化现象意味着温度甚至可以被分配给单个的纯量子态。在这里,我们提出了一个方案,通过量子干涉测量这种纯态的温度。我们的建议涉及一个辅助量子位探针的干涉测量,该探针在叠加态中制备,随后由于与封闭的热多体系统的弱耦合而去聚。仅使用几个基本的假设混沌量子系统-即,本征态热化假设和流体动力学的出现在很长一段时间-我们表明,量子比特经历纯指数消相干的速率取决于其周围环境的温度。我们验证了我们的预测,通过数值实验的量子自旋链,热化后吸收能量从周期性的驱动器。我们的工作提供了一个通用的方法来测量孤立的,强相互作用系统的温度在最小的假设。

英文摘要:

Temperature is a deceptively simple concept that still raises deep questions at the forefront of quantum physics research. The observation of thermalisation in completely isolated quantum systems, such as cold-atom quantum simulators, implies that a temperature can be assigned even to individual, pure quantum states. Here, we propose a scheme to measure the temperature of such pure states through quantum interference. Our proposal involves interferometry of an auxiliary qubit probe, which is prepared in a superposition state and subsequently decoheres due to weak coupling with a closed, thermalised many-body system. Using only a few basic assumptions about chaotic quantum systems -- namely, the eigenstate thermalisation hypothesis and the emergence of hydrodynamics at long times -- we show that the qubit undergoes pure exponential decoherence at a rate that depends on the temperature of its surroundings. We verify our predictions by numerical experiments on a quantum spin chain that thermalises after absorbing energy from a periodic drive. Our work provides a general method to measure the temperature of isolated, strongly interacting systems under minimal assumptions.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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