纯多体态的焦耳膨胀
Joule expansion of a pure many-body state
摘要：
本文从量子力学的基本原理出发，导出了孤立理想气体的焦耳膨胀。与大多数考虑复合系统的不可逆过程的研究相反，气体多体希尔伯特空间不能分解为对应于感兴趣和被忽略的自由度的希尔伯特空间。此外，对于纯态，获得了气体膨胀到整个可达体积中。粒子数密度仍然由化学势和温度表征。我们讨论玻色气体低于玻色凝聚温度的特殊情况。
英文摘要：
We derive the Joule expansion of an isolated perfect gas from the principles of quantum mechanics. Contrary to most studies of irreversible processes which consider composite systems, the gas many-body Hilbert space cannot be factorised into Hilbert spaces corresponding to interesting and ignored degrees of freedom. Moreover, the expansion of the gas into the entire accessible volume is obtained for pure states. Still, the number particle density is characterised by a chemical potential and a temperature. We discuss the special case of a boson gas below the Bose condensation temperature.
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