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arXiv 2103.10243astro-ph.SR
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尘埃颗粒中超顺磁性包裹体的尺寸极限和原行星盘中磁性颗粒排列的困难

Size limit of superparamagnetic inclusions in dust grains and difficulty of magnetic grain alignment in protoplanetary disks

Haifeng Yang

摘要:

非球形颗粒与磁场的排列是一个重要的问题,因为它为利用极化尘埃热辐射探测磁场奠定了基础。本文研究了原行星盘(PPD)中磁排列的可行性。我们使用的对齐条件,拉莫尔进动应该是快的阻尼时标相比。我们首先表明,拉莫尔进动的时间尺度是一些三个数量级的阻尼时间比典型的PPD条件下的毫米级晶粒,使磁对准不太可能。超顺磁性包裹体(SPI)可以缩短进动时间,但减少因子强烈依赖于SPI团簇的大小,我们发现这是由所谓的“Néel弛豫过程”限制。特别是,SPI的尺寸限制是由SPI材料的所谓“各向异性能量常数”设定的,该常数描述了改变SPI的磁矩方向所需的能垒。对于最常见的含铁材料,我们发现最大SPI尺寸对应于一个减少因子的拉莫尔进动时标的顺序$10^3$。我们还发现,达到这个最大的减少因素,需要微调的SPI大小。最后,我们说明了一个简单的磁盘模型的SPI尺寸限制的尘埃颗粒的磁性对齐的影响,我们得出结论,这是不太可能的顺序为100 $μ$ m或更大的颗粒对齐磁场,即使与SPI。

英文摘要:

Alignment of non-spherical grains with magnetic fields is an important problem as it lays the foundation of probing magnetic fields with polarized dust thermal emissions. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of magnetic alignment in protoplanetary disks (PPDs). We use an alignment condition that Larmor precession should be fast compared with the damping timescale. We first show that the Larmor precession timescale is some three orders of magnitude longer than the damping time for millimeter-sized grains under conditions typical of PPDs, making the magnetic alignment unlikely. The precession time can be shortened by superparamagnetic inclusions (SPIs), but the reduction factor strongly depends on the size of the SPI clusters, which we find is limited by the so-called "Néel's relaxation process." In particular, the size limit of SPIs is set by the so-called "anisotropic energy constant" of the SPI material, which describes the energy barrier needed to change the direction of the magnetic moment of an SPI. For the most common iron-bearing materials, we find maximum SPI sizes corresponding to a reduction factor of the Larmor precession timescale of order $10^3$. We also find that reaching this maximum reduction factor requires fine-tuning on the SPI sizes. Lastly, we illustrate the effects of the SPI size limits on magnetic alignment of dust grains with a simple disk model, and we conclude that it is unlikely for relatively large grains of order 100 $μ$m or more to be aligned with magnetic fields even with SPIs.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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