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arXiv 1407.6575astro-ph.SR
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尘埃颗粒孔隙度对原行星盘外观的影响

Effect of dust grain porosity on the appearance of protoplanetary disks

F. Kirchschlager, S. Wolf

摘要:

我们从理论上分析了由多孔尘埃颗粒组成的原行星盘。在对原行星盘观测结果的分析中,尘埃相通常被假定为由球形颗粒组成,这使得人们可以应用米氏散射理论。然而,在现实中,尘埃颗粒的形状预计将严重偏离球体。我们调查的影响,多孔尘埃颗粒的温度分布和可观察到的外观的原行星盘的尘埃颗粒孔隙率高达60%。我们进行了辐射转移建模来模拟温度分布、光谱能量分布以及空间分辨的强度和偏振图。采用离散偶极子近似方法计算了多孔颗粒的光学性质。我们发现,在光学波长范围内的流量是多孔颗粒高于紧凑,球形颗粒。在9.7 μ m处的硅酸盐峰的轮廓强烈地取决于颗粒孔隙度的程度。温度分布在垂直于中平面的方向上显示出显著的变化。此外,模拟的极化图揭示了增加的极化度的一个因素约4时,多孔晶粒被认为是,无论磁盘倾斜。在选定的磁盘区域的偏振方向是相反的,这取决于波长,晶粒孔隙度,和磁盘倾斜。我们讨论了这种效果的几种可能的解释,发现多重散射解释效果最好。孔隙度影响着原行星盘可观测的外观。特别是,极化反转显示依赖于晶粒孔隙度。盘内的物理条件被孔隙度改变,这可能对晶粒生长和盘演化的过程产生影响。

英文摘要:

We theoretically analyze protoplanetary disks consisting of porous dust grains. In the analysis of observations of protoplanetary disks the dust phase is often assumed to consist of spherical grains, allowing one to apply the Mie scattering formalism. However, in reality, the shape of dust grains is expected to deviate strongly from that of a sphere. We investigate the influence of porous dust grains on the temperature distribution and observable appearance of protoplanetary disks for dust grain porosities of up to 60 %. We performed radiative transfer modeling to simulate the temperature distribution, spectral energy distribution, and spatially resolved intensity and polarization maps. The optical properties of porous grains were calculated using the method of discrete dipole approximation. We find that the flux in the optical wavelength range is for porous grains higher than for compact, spherical grains. The profile of the silicate peak at 9.7 um strongly depends on the degree of grain porosity. The temperature distribution shows significant changes in the direction perpendicular to the midplane. Moreover, simulated polarization maps reveal an increase of the polarization degree by a factor of about four when porous grains are considered, regardless of the disk inclination. The polarization direction is reversed in selected disk regions, depending on the wavelength, grain porosity, and disk inclination. We discuss several possible explanations of this effect and find that multiple scattering explains the effect best. Porosity influences the observable appearance of protoplanetary disks. In particular, the polarization reversal shows a dependence on grain porosity. The physical conditions within the disk are altered by porosity, which might have an effect on the processes of grain growth and disk evolution.

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