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arXiv 0903.1100astro-ph.GAastro-ph.SR
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颗粒排列的定量理论:探讨颗粒环境和颗粒组成

Quantitative Theory of Grain Alignment: Probing Grain Environment and Grain Composition

A. Lazarian

摘要:

虽然晶粒排列的问题是在60多年前提出的,但直到最近才制定了可以解释所观察到的由排列晶粒引起的极化的晶粒排列的定量模型。辐射力矩机制是目前公认的晶粒排列的主要机制,它的定量预测为追踪各种天体物理环境中的磁场开辟了道路,这些天体物理环境包括弥漫和致密的星际气体、分子云、星周环境、吸积盘、彗星尾巴、黄道尘埃等。此外,提供有关粉尘成分和粉尘环境的独特信息。在审查中,我描述的分析模型描述以及辐射扭矩作用于不规则的晶粒,并讨论如何对齐引起的辐射扭矩变化的存在下,超顺磁性夹杂物和风车扭矩,例如,所产生的分子氢形成在晶粒表面。我还描述了观察,可以建立是否晶粒是超顺磁性和分子氢形成的反冲是否足够强大,以产生大量的未补偿的扭矩。对这些问题的理解应该允许可靠的建模的天体物理偏振与许多重要的应用,从占尘埃贡献的宇宙微波背景偏振研究获得磁场强度使用Erasekhar-Fermi技术。

英文摘要:

While the problem of grain alignment was posed more than 60 years ago the quantitative model of grain alignment that can account for the observed polarization arising from aligned grains has been formulated only recently. The quantitative predictions of the radiative torque mechanism, which is currently accepted as the dominant mechanism of grain alignment, open avenues to tracing magnetic fields in various astrophysical environments, including diffuse and dense interstellar gas, molecular clouds, circumstellar environments, accretion disks, comet tails, Zodiacal dust etc. At the same time, measurements of the absolute value of polarization and its variations can, in addition, provide unique information about the dust composition and dust environment. In the review I describe the analytical model describing well radiative torques acting on irregular grains and discuss how the alignment induced by radiative torques varies in the presence of superparamagnetic inclusions and pinwheel torques, e.g. arising from the molecular hydrogen formation over grain surface. I also describe observations that can establish whether grains are superparamagnetic and whether recoils from molecular hydrogen formations are powerful enough to give rise to substantial uncompensated torques. Answering to these questions should allow for reliable modeling of astrophysical polarization with numerous important applications, from accounting for dust contribution in Cosmic Microwave Background polarization studies to obtaining magnetic field strength using Chandrasekhar-Fermi technique.

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