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arXiv 2103.03973cond-mat.mtrl-sci
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随机自洽谐波近似:计算具有全量子和非谐效应的材料的振动性质

The Stochastic Self-Consistent Harmonic Approximation: Calculating Vibrational Properties of Materials with Full Quantum and Anharmonic Effects

Lorenzo Monacelli, Raffaello Bianco, Marco Cherubini, Matteo Calandra, Ion Errea, Francesco Mauri

摘要:

有效而精确地计算离子量子和热涨落如何影响晶体的自由能、其原子结构和声子谱是固态物理的主要挑战之一,特别是当强非谐性使任何微扰方法无效时。为了解决这个问题,我们提出了一个模块化的Python代码的随机自洽谐波近似方法的实现。这种技术严格地描述了完整的热动力学的晶体占核量子和热非谐波动。该方法需要评估玻恩-奥本海默能量,以及它的衍生物相对于离子的位置(力)和细胞参数(应力张量)在超细胞,这可以提供,例如,第一原理密度泛函理论代码。该方法对量子自由能景观进行晶体几何松弛,相对于晶体结构的所有自由度优化自由能。它可以用来确定任何晶体在有限温度下的相图。它使得能够从自由能的Hessian计算一阶和二阶相变的相边界。最后,该程序还可以计算非简谐声子谱,包括声子线宽,以及声子谱函数。我们回顾了随机自洽调和近似及其动力学扩展的理论框架,特别强调了该理论中存在的变量的物理解释,这些变量可以启发与任何其他非调和理论的比较。一个模块化和灵活的Python环境用于实现,它允许与其他包进行干净的交互。我们简要地介绍了一个玩具模型的计算来说明代码的潜力。

英文摘要:

The efficient and accurate calculation of how ionic quantum and thermal fluctuations impact the free energy of a crystal, its atomic structure, and phonon spectrum is one of the main challenges of solid state physics, especially when strong anharmonicy invalidates any perturbative approach. To tackle this problem, we present the implementation on a modular Python code of the stochastic self-consistent harmonic approximation method. This technique rigorously describes the full thermodyamics of crystals accounting for nuclear quantum and thermal anharmonic fluctuations. The approach requires the evaluation of the Born-Oppenheimer energy, as well as its derivatives with respect to ionic positions (forces) and cell parameters (stress tensor) in supercells, which can be provided, for instance, by first principles density-functional-theory codes. The method performs crystal geometry relaxation on the quantum free energy landscape, optimizing the free energy with respect to all degrees of freedom of the crystal structure. It can be used to determine the phase diagram of any crystal at finite temperature. It enables the calculation of phase boundaries for both first-order and second-order phase transitions from the Hessian of the free energy. Finally, the code can also compute the anharmonic phonon spectra, including the phonon linewidths, as well as phonon spectral functions. We review the theoretical framework of the stochastic self-consistent harmonic approximation and its dynamical extension, making particular emphasis on the physical interpretation of the variables present in the theory that can enlighten the comparison with any other anharmonic theory. A modular and flexible Python environment is used for the implementation, which allows for a clean interaction with other packages. We briefly present a toy-model calculation to illustrate the potential of the code.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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