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arXiv 2102.11294hep-thcond-mat.str-elnlin.CDnucl-thquant-ph
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关于极大量子混沌系统

On systems of maximal quantum chaos

Mike Blake, Hong Liu

摘要:

多体量子系统混沌的一个显著特征是量子李雅普诺夫指数存在一个界。一个重要的问题是要了解饱和这个界限的最大混沌系统的特殊之处。在这里,我们提供了进一步的证据,在这样的系统中的混沌的“流体动力学”的起源,并讨论最大的混沌系统的标志。首先,我们提供的证据表明,我们以前提出的流体动力学有效场论的混沌应该被理解为最大混沌系统的理论。然后,我们强调,并明确的签名最大的混乱,这是只隐含在以前的文献中,即抑制指数增长的一般少体算子的换向器平方。我们提供了一个一般的论点,这种抑制在我们的混乱有效场论,并说明它使用SYK模型和全息系统。我们推测,这种抑制表明,在最大混沌系统中的运营商扰码的性质是根本不同的,在非最大混沌系统中的扰码。我们还讨论了一个最简单的情况下存在的最大混沌政权在足够大的距离,即使是非最大混沌系统。

英文摘要:

A remarkable feature of chaos in many-body quantum systems is the existence of a bound on the quantum Lyapunov exponent. An important question is to understand what is special about maximally chaotic systems which saturate this bound. Here we provide further evidence for the `hydrodynamic' origin of chaos in such systems, and discuss hallmarks of maximally chaotic systems. We first provide evidence that a hydrodynamic effective field theory of chaos we previously proposed should be understood as a theory of maximally chaotic systems. We then emphasize and make explicit a signature of maximal chaos which was only implicit in prior literature, namely the suppression of exponential growth in commutator squares of generic few-body operators. We provide a general argument for this suppression within our chaos effective field theory, and illustrate it using SYK models and holographic systems. We speculate that this suppression indicates that the nature of operator scrambling in maximally chaotic systems is fundamentally different to scrambling in non-maximally chaotic systems. We also discuss a simplest scenario for the existence of a maximally chaotic regime at sufficiently large distances even for non-maximally chaotic systems.

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