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arXiv 2108.01093hep-th
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弦在量子极值曲面上的散射

Scattering strings off quantum extremal surfaces

Venkatesa Chandrasekaran, Thomas Faulkner, Adam Levine

摘要:

我们考虑Hayden \& Preskill一样的最大混沌和次最大混沌量子场论的设置。我们用一个Rindler算子作用于真空中的一个楔形体$R$,并将$R$的一个小子区域$I$转移到另一个楔形体上。QFT Rindler时间演化的混沌置乱动力学揭示了另一个楔形中的信息。这个过程的全息对偶涉及粒子激发落入体块中并穿过$r=R \backslash I$的互补体的纠缠楔。为了研究出射全息理论的定域性,我们计算了边界上的各种量子信息测度,这些测度告诉我们粒子何时进入了这个纠缠楔。在最大混沌理论中,这些措施表明一个尖锐的过渡,粒子进入楔形时,插入是零分离的量子极值表面$r$。对于次最大混沌理论,我们发现一个平滑的交叉在一个延迟的时间给出的较小的李雅普诺夫指数和依赖于时间涂抹规模的探针激发。我们考虑的信息量包括全真空模能$R \backslash I$以及有粒子态和无粒子态之间的保真度。在此基础上,我们得到了任意1+1维CFT到首阶的两个区间的模哈密顿量在小交比极限下的一个新的显式公式。我们也给出了一个明确的计算的Regge极限的模块流混沌相关器,并找到不饱和的模块混沌界的例子。最后,我们讨论了我们的结果在多大程度上揭示了作为一个“弦量子极值表面”的探针激发的目标的属性,或简单地量化探针本身,从而给出了一个新的方法来研究纵向串扩展的概念。

英文摘要:

We consider a Hayden \& Preskill like setup for both maximally chaotic and sub-maximally chaotic quantum field theories. We act on the vacuum with an operator in a Rindler like wedge $R$ and transfer a small subregion $I$ of $R$ to the other wedge. The chaotic scrambling dynamics of the QFT Rindler time evolution reveals the information in the other wedge. The holographic dual of this process involves a particle excitation falling into the bulk and crossing into the entanglement wedge of the complement to $r=R \backslash I$. With the goal of studying the locality of the emergent holographic theory we compute various quantum information measures on the boundary that tell us when the particle has entered this entanglement wedge. In a maximally chaotic theory, these measures indicate a sharp transition where the particle enters the wedge exactly when the insertion is null separated from the quantum extremal surface for $r$. For sub-maximally chaotic theories, we find a smoothed crossover at a delayed time given in terms of the smaller Lyapunov exponent and dependent on the time-smearing scale of the probe excitation. The information quantities that we consider include the full vacuum modular energy $R \backslash I$ as well as the fidelity between the state with the particle and the state without. Along the way, we find a new explicit formula for the modular Hamiltonian of two intervals in an arbitrary 1+1 dimensional CFT to leading order in the small cross ratio limit. We also give an explicit calculation of the Regge limit of the modular flowed chaos correlator and find examples which do not saturate the modular chaos bound. Finally, we discuss the extent to which our results reveal properties of the target of the probe excitation as a "stringy quantum extremal surface" or simply quantify the probe itself thus giving a new approach to studying the notion of longitudinal string spreading.

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