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arXiv 2102.07129astro-ph.GA
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Andromeda Galaxy巨分子云中CO同位素和尘埃排放的同时深度测量

Simultaneous Deep Measurements of CO isotopologues and Dust Emission in Giant Molecular Clouds in the Andromeda Galaxy

Sébastien Viaene, Jan Forbrich, Charles J. Lada, Glen Petitpas, Christopher Faesi

摘要:

本文同时测量了仙女座星系(M31)中单个巨分子云(GMCs)在230 GHz的尘埃连续谱和J=2-1的$^{12}$ CO、$^{13}$ CO和C $^{18}$ O同位素在$\sim$ 15 pc分辨率下的辐射。这些观测结果是在使用亚毫米阵列(SMA)对该星系进行的持续调查中获得的。描述连续谱和$^{12}$ CO发射的初步结果已在较早时发表。本文主要分析了$^{13}$ CO和C $^{18}$ O的观测结果,并与尘埃连续谱和$^{12}$ CO的观测结果进行了比较。我们还报告了额外的灰尘连续和CO测量从新增加的GMCs的M31样品。我们检测空间分辨的$^{13}$ CO发射与高信号噪声在31个对象。我们发现$^{13}$ CO排放的程度几乎与$^{12}$ CO相当,通常覆盖$^{12}$ CO排放面积的75%。我们推导出$^{13}$ CO和C $^{18}$ O丰度分别为2.9 $\times 10^{-6}$和4.4 $\times 10^{-7}$相对于H $_2$,通过与来自假设银河系气尘比的尘埃连续观测的相同区域的氢柱密度进行比较。我们发现同位素丰度比[ $^{13}$ CO]/[C $^{18}$ O] = 6.7 $\pm$ 2.9与银河系的值(8.1)一致。最后,我们导出了三种CO的质光转换因子分别为:$α_{12} = 8.7 \pm 3.9$,$α_{13} = 48.9 \pm 20.4$和$α_{18} = 345^{+25}_{-31}$ M $_\odot$(Kkm s $^{-1}$ pc $^2$)$^{-1}$,对于$^{12}$ CO,$^{13}$ CO和C $^{18}$ O的J=2-1跃迁.

英文摘要:

We present simultaneous measurements of emission from dust continuum at 230 GHz and the J=2-1 $^{12}$CO, $^{13}$CO and C$^{18}$O isotopologues at $\sim$ 15 pc resolution from individual Giant Molecular Clouds (GMCs) in the Andromeda galaxy (M31). These observations were obtained in an ongoing survey of this galaxy being conducted with the Submillimeter Array (SMA). Initial results describing the continuum and $^{12}$CO emission were published earlier. Here we primarily analyze the observations of $^{13}$CO and C$^{18}$O emission and compare them to the measurements of dust continuum and $^{12}$CO emission. We also report additional dust continuum and CO measurements from newly added GMCs to the M31 sample. We detect spatially resolved $^{13}$CO emission with high signal-to-noise in 31 objects. We find the extent of the $^{13}$CO emission to be nearly comparable to that of $^{12}$CO, typically covering 75\% of the area of the $^{12}$CO emission. We derive $^{13}$CO and C$^{18}$O abundances of 2.9 $\times 10^{-6}$ and 4.4 $\times 10^{-7}$ relative to H$_2$, respectively, by comparison with hydrogen column densities of the same regions derived from the dust continuum observations assuming a Milky Way gas-to-dust ratio. We find the isotopic abundance ratio [$^{13}$CO]/[C$^{18}$O] = 6.7$\pm$2.9 to be consistent with the Milky Way value (8.1). Finally, we derive the mass-to-light conversion factors for all three CO species to be $α_{12} = 8.7 \pm 3.9$, $α_{13} = 48.9 \pm 20.4$ and $α_{18} = 345^{+25}_{-31}$ M$_\odot$ (K km s$^{-1}$pc$^2$)$^{-1}$ for the J=2-1 transitions of $^{12}$CO, $^{13}$CO and C$^{18}$O, respectively.

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