arXiv 1407.44632014-07-16astro-ph.GA

探索巨恒星的晕子结构：三角座-仙女座恒星特征的性质

Exploring Halo Substructure with Giant Stars: The Nature of the Triangulum-Andromeda Stellar Features

Allyson Sheffield, Kathryn Johnston, Steven Majewski, Guillermo Damke, Whitney Richardson, Rachael Beaton, Helio Rocha-Pinto

备注：: 49 pages, 15 figures; submitted to ApJ
发表信息：: The Astrophysical Journal, 2014, 793, 62
DOI：: 10.1088/0004-637X/793/1/62

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摘要：

在过去的十年里，随着大规模恒星巡天的出现，探测和描述银河系亚结构的能力大大提高。这些调查显示，三角座-仙女座（TriAnd）区域在20-30 kpc的距离范围内具有丰富的子结构，这些特征之间的关系-如果有的话-仍然不清楚。这种复杂的情况促使我们对TriAnd区域进行重新检查，对M巨星进行光度和光谱测量。使用2 MASS测光的探索不仅揭示了Rocha-Pinto等人（2004）在M巨星中探测到的横跨$100^{\circ}<l<160^{\circ}$和$-50^{\circ}<b<-15^{\circ}$的微弱序列，而且还发现了第二个更明亮和更密集的M巨星序列。这两个序列可能与Martin等人（2007）在M31方向的光学勘测中发现的两个不同的主序列（并标记为TriAnd 1和TriAnd 2）有关，其中TriAnd 2是Rocha-Pinto等人（2004）的较暗RGB/AGB序列的光学对应物。在这里，TriAnd 1和TriAnd 2的年龄，距离和金属丰度范围是通过同时拟合等时线到2 MASS RGB轨道和光学MS/MSTO特征来估计的。这两个群体在年龄和距离上有明显的区别：较亮的序列（TriAnd 1）较年轻（6-10 Gyr），距离较近（距离$\sim$ 15-21 kpc），而较暗的序列（TriAnd 2）较老（10-12 Gyr），估计距离为$\sim$ 24-32 kpc。与模拟的比较表明，TriAnd 1和TriAnd 2之间的差异和相似之处可以同时解释，如果它们代表碎片起源于同一矮星系的分裂，但在两个不同的近心通道撕裂。[删节]

英文摘要：

As large-scale stellar surveys have become available over the past decade, the ability to detect and characterize substructures in the Galaxy has increased dramatically. These surveys have revealed the Triangulum-Andromeda (TriAnd) region to be rich with substructure in the distance range 20-30 kpc, and the relation of these features to each other -- if any -- remains unclear. This complex situation motivates this re-examination of the TriAnd region with a photometric and spectroscopic survey of M giants. An exploration using 2MASS photometry reveals not only the faint sequence in M giants detected by Rocha-Pinto et al. (2004) spanning the range $100^{\circ}<l<160^{\circ}$ and $-50^{\circ}<b<-15^{\circ}$ but, in addition, a second, brighter and more densely populated M giant sequence. These two sequences are likely associated with the two distinct main-sequences discovered (and labeled TriAnd1 and TriAnd2) by Martin et al. (2007) in an optical survey in the direction of M31, where TriAnd2 is the optical counterpart of the fainter RGB/AGB sequence of Rocha-Pinto et al. (2004). Here, the age, distance, and metallicity ranges for TriAnd1 and TriAnd2 are estimated by simultaneously fitting isochrones to the 2MASS RGB tracks and the optical MS/MSTO features. The two populations are clearly distinct in age and distance: the brighter sequence (TriAnd1) is younger (6-10 Gyr) and closer (distance of $\sim$ 15-21 kpc), while the fainter sequence (TriAnd2) is older (10-12 Gyr) and is at an estimated distance of $\sim$ 24-32 kpc. A comparison with simulations demonstrates that the differences and similarities between TriAnd1 and TriAnd2 can simultaneously be explained if they represent debris originating from the disruption of the same dwarf galaxy, but torn off during two distinct pericentric passages. [Abridged]

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