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arXiv 0906.3295astro-ph.COastro-ph.GA
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暗物质子结构和矮星系卫星

Dark matter substructure and dwarf galactic satellites

Andrey V. Kravtsov

摘要:

十年前,分辨率越来越高的宇宙学模拟被用来证明冷暗物质(CDM)晕的维里化区域充满了大量密集的引力束缚的团块。这些暗物质暗晕是在CDM晕形成的合并和吸积的分级序列中幸存下来的强引力潮汐力和动力学摩擦的晕的中心区域。与观测结果的比较表明,在固定孔径内,银河系和仙女座的暗晕和发光卫星的丰度与它们的圆速度或束缚质量之间存在明显的差异。这种巨大的差异,后来被称为“子结构”或“失踪卫星”问题,需要一个解释。在本文中,我回顾了在过去几年中所取得的进展,无论是在量化的问题,并在探索可能的情况下,它可以容纳和解释的背景下,星系形成的结构形成的CDM范式的框架。特别是,我表明,所观察到的光度函数,径向分布,和发光卫星的内部密度分布的显着相似性可以理解在分层CDM框架内使用一个简单的模型,在该模型中,恒星形成的效率单调下降,减少维里质量卫星吸积之前,没有任何实际的尖锐的星系形成阈值。

英文摘要:

A decade ago cosmological simulations of increasingly higher resolution were used to demonstrate that virialized regions of Cold Dark Matter (CDM) halos are filled with a multitude of dense, gravitationally-bound clumps. These dark matter subhalos are central regions of halos that survived strong gravitational tidal forces and dynamical friction during the hierarchical sequence of merging and accretion via which the CDM halos form. Comparisons with observations revealed that there is a glaring discrepancy between abundance of subhalos and luminous satellites of the Milky Way and Andromeda as a function of their circular velocity or bound mass within a fixed aperture. This large discrepancy, which became known as the ``substructure'' or the ``missing satellites'' problem, begs for an explanation. In this paper I review the progress made during the last several years both in quantifying the problem and in exploring possible scenarios in which it could be accommodated and explained in the context of galaxy formation in the framework of the CDM paradigm of structure formation. In particular, I show that the observed luminosity function, radial distribution, and the remarkable similarity of the inner density profiles of luminous satellites can be understood within hierarchical CDM framework using a simple model in which efficiency of star formation monotonically decreases with decreasing virial mass satellites had before their accretion without any actual sharp galaxy formation threshold.

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