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arXiv 1108.3697astro-ph.CO
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利用矮卫星自行来确定它们的起源

Using dwarf satellite proper motions to determine their origin

Garry W. Angus, Antonaldo Diaferio, Pavel Kroupa

摘要:

围绕银河系的卫星星系的高度组织化分布是对和谐宇宙学模型的一个严重挑战。在这个框架中,也许唯一剩下的解决方案是矮卫星星系沿着一两个细丝落入银河系的势能中,这可能会也可能不会重现观察到的分布。在这里,我们利用天炉座,玉夫座,小熊座和船底座矮椭球体的自行车测试这种情况下,并追溯其轨道通过几个变化的银河系的潜力和帐户的动力摩擦。关键参数是矮星系的自行和总质量。使用一个简单的模型,我们发现没有一组站得住脚的参数,可以让天炉座是一致的,与惯性下降,主要是因为1 σ误差的自行是相对较小的。其他三个必须走钢丝之间需要一个小的近心点(小于20千秒差距),以失去足够的轨道能量的动力学摩擦和避免被潮汐破坏。然后,我们采用了一个更现实的模型与主机晕质量吸积,并发现这四个矮星系必须在至少5个Gyrs前下降。这个时间间隔比有组织的分布在被卫星轨道的随机化消除之前预期持续的时间要长。

英文摘要:

The highly organised distribution of satellite galaxies surrounding the Milky Way is a serious challenge to the concordance cosmological model. Perhaps the only remaining solution, in this framework, is that the dwarf satellite galaxies fall into the Milky Way's potential along one or two filaments, which may or may not plausibly reproduce the observed distribution. Here we test this scenario by making use of the proper motions of the Fornax, Sculptor, Ursa Minor and Carina dwarf spheroidals, and trace their orbits back through several variations of the Milky Way's potential and account for dynamical friction. The key parameters are the proper motions and total masses of the dwarf galaxies. Using a simple model we find no tenable set of parameters that can allow Fornax to be consistent with filamentary infall, mainly because the 1 sigma error on its proper motion is relatively small. The other three must walk a tightrope between requiring a small pericentre (less than 20 kpc) to lose enough orbital energy to dynamical friction and avoiding being tidally disrupted. We then employed a more realistic model with host halo mass accretion, and found that the four dwarf galaxies must have fallen in at least 5 Gyrs ago. This time interval is longer than organised distribution is expected to last before being erased by the randomisation of the satellite orbits.

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