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arXiv 2607.02480astro-ph.GA
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仙女座星系周围巨大延伸恒星盘的合并驱动起源

The Merger-Driven Origin of the Vast Extended Stellar Disc Around the Andromeda Galaxy

National and Kapodistrian University of Athens(雅典国立卡波蒂斯坦大学);European Southern Observatory(欧洲南方天文台);Observatoire de Paris(巴黎天文台);PSL Research University(PSL研究大学);CNRS(法国国家科学研究中心);Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik (MPE)(马克斯·普朗克地外物理研究所);University Observatory Munich (USM)(慕尼黑大学天文台)

C. Tsakonas, M. Arnaboldi, F. Hammer, Y. Yang, O. Gerhard, A. Burkert, D. Hatzidimitriou

AI总结:

研究仙女座星系近期富含气体的大质量合并事件,用N体流体动力学模拟,对比模型粒子与星系盘中解析示踪剂,揭示合并对星系盘的影响,如使其变热、不对称、伸展等。

摘要:

最近的巨型螺旋星系仙女座星系(M31)显示出近期富含气体的大质量合并事件的有力证据。其内部晕中的明显子结构和运动学上热的恒星盘,其恒星形成历史显示在25亿年前有广泛的恒星形成事件,这可能与20 - 40亿年前发生的大质量(质量比1到4)合并事件直接相关。对M31盘遥远边缘解析巨星的光谱观测揭示了一个巨大的延伸结构,其以接近HI气体的圆周速度旋转。此外,盘边缘两个不同的致密球状星团(GCs)的空间分布和显著的正向旋转对于典型的内部晕GCs来说是不寻常的。我们采用一个可用的大质量合并的N体流体动力学模拟,该模拟再现了内部晕子结构的形态、年龄 - 速度弥散关系以及盘中的恒星形成历史。我们将模型粒子与M31盘中的解析示踪剂进行比较。为了研究前身M31盘的演化——由于大质量合并造成的引力扰动,它似乎被拉伸、扭曲和翘曲——我们研究了模拟类似物合并前与合并后盘的性质。合并改变了前身星系的盘,使其在运动学上变热且不对称。此外,合并后的盘被拉伸了近2倍,其范围跨越超过40 kpc的距离。年龄大于20亿年的恒星翘曲的特征是倾角随半径单调减小,在较大的银河半径处,外部恒星分布看起来不那么边缘对边缘。这些结果提供了M31这个最近受合并影响的大质量星系巨型盘演化的全面图景。

英文摘要:

The closest giant spiral, the Andromeda galaxy (M31), shows compelling evidence for a recent, gas-rich major merger event. Pronounced substructures in its inner halo and a kinematically hot stellar disc, whose star formation history shows a widespread star formation episode 2.5 Gyr ago, are telltale evidence that may be directly linked to a major (mass ratio 1 to 4) merger event that took place 2-4 Gyr ago. Spectroscopy of resolved giant stars in the remote outskirts of M31's disc revealed a vast extended structure that rotates with a circular velocity close to the HI gas. In addition, the spatial distribution and significant prograde rotation of two distinct, compact groups of globular clusters (GCs) in the disc outskirts are unusual for typical inner halo GCs. We employ an available N-body hydrodynamical simulation of a major merger that reproduces the morphology of the inner halo substructures, the age-velocity dispersion relation, and the star formation history in the disc. We compare model particles with resolved tracers in the M31 disc. To examine the evolution of the progenitor M31 disc -- that appears to get stretched, distorted, and warped due to the gravitational perturbation inflicted by the major merger -- we investigate the properties of the pre- versus post-merger discs of the simulated analog. The merger transforms the disc of the progenitor galaxy, which becomes kinematically hot and asymmetric. In addition, the post-merger disc gets stretched by almost a factor of 2, and its extent spans distances greater than 40 kpc. The stellar warp in populations older than 2 Gyr is characterized by a monotonic decrease of inclination with radius, with the outer stellar distribution appearing less edge-on at larger galactic radii. These results provide a comprehensive picture of the evolution of the giant disc of M31, the closest merger-inflicted massive galaxy.

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