arXiv 2012.144342020-12gr-qcastro-ph.HEhep-th

黑洞和引力量子结构的其他线索

Black holes and other clues to the quantum structure of gravity

Steven B. Giddings

备注：: 7 pages. v2: added footnote and reference, and missing acknowledgements

摘要：

将引力纳入量子力学框架可能是基础物理学中最深刻的遗留问题。黑洞演化的"么正性危机"似乎是这个问题的一个关键方面，它的解决将提供重要线索。对此的研究提出了一个重要的结构性问题，即如何思考量子引力中的子系统和信息局域化。与场论一样，这个问题的答案被认为是场论数学结构中的一个重要组成部分。微扰引力的结果表明了一种不同于量子场论的结构，但提出了一种定义子系统的途径。如果黑洞的行为确实与我们熟悉的子系统相似，那么幺正性就需要新的相互作用来转移它们的纠缠。这种相互作用可以通过一种有效的方法进行参数化，而无需直接解决基本动力学的问题，无论其是否与量子时空、虫洞或其他东西相关。由于这种相互作用需要延伸到视界之外，这就提出了一个问题，即它们是否可以被强引力区域的新电磁波或引力波观测所约束或观测到。本说明概述这些动态并提供它们之间的联系。

英文摘要：

Bringing gravity into a quantum-mechanical framework is likely the most profound remaining problem in fundamental physics. The "unitarity crisis" for black hole evolution appears to be a key facet of this problem, whose resolution will provide important clues. Investigating this raises the important structural question of how to think about subsystems and localization of information in quantum gravity. Paralleling field theory, the answer to this is expected to be an important ingredient in the mathematical structure of the theory. Perturbative gravity results indicate a structure different from that of quantum field theory, but suggest an avenue to defining subsystems. If black holes do behave similarly to familiar subsystems, unitarity demands new interactions that transfer entanglement from them. Such interactions can be parameterized in an effective approach, without directly addressing the question of the fundamental dynamics, whether that is associated with quantum spacetime, wormholes, or something else. Since such interactions need to extend outside the horizon, that raises the question of whether they can be constrained, or might be observed, by new electromagnetic or gravitational wave observations of strong gravity regions. This note overviews and provides connections between these developments.

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英文摘要：

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