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arXiv 2012.10204quant-phcond-mat.mes-hall
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流体力学模型中的量子摩擦

Quantum friction in the Hydrodynamic Model

Kunmin Wu, Thomas L. Schmidt, M. Belén Farias

摘要:

研究了可极化原子作匀速平行于金属板运动的系统中的量子摩擦现象。金属是使用带电的流体动力学模型的电子。该模型具有长程相互作用是适当的一个干净的金属在一个温度范围内,散射由于库仑相互作用占主导地位的电子散射杂质。我们发现,即使在金属中没有固有阻尼的情况下,原子和金属表面之间也存在量子摩擦力,但只有当原子的速度超过金属中的有效声速时,摩擦力才开始产生。我们认为,这个条件可以满足最容易在金属几乎空或几乎充满带。我们对原子极化率中的二阶和四阶摩擦力进行了定量预测,并证明了阈值行为在微扰理论的所有阶数下都是存在的。

英文摘要:

We study the phenomenon of quantum friction in a system consisting of a polarizable atom moving at a constant speed parallel to a metallic plate. The metal is described using a charged hydrodynamic model for the electrons. This model featuring long-range interactions is appropriate for a clean metal in a temperature range where scattering due to Coulomb interactions dominates over the scattering of electron by impurities. We find that a quantum friction force between the atom and the metal surface exists even in the absence of intrinsic damping in the metal, but that it only starts once the velocity of the atom exceeds the effective speed of sound in the metal. We argue that this condition can be fulfilled most easily in metals with nearly empty or nearly filled bands. We make quantitative predictions for the friction force to the second and fourth order in the atomic polarizability, and show that the threshold behavior persists to all orders of the perturbation theory.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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