复杂结构环境中的电磁粘性：从黑体到量子摩擦
Electromagnetic Viscosity in Complex Structured Environments: From black-body to Quantum Friction
摘要：
研究了温度为$T$的一般复杂结构电磁环境中原子的非保守开放系统动力学。在这样的系统中，当原子沿着环境的自旋不变轴运动时，摩擦力作用在粒子上。由于摩擦而产生的有效粘性是由与波动（量子）电磁场的非平衡相互作用产生的，这有效地设置了一个特权参考系。我们研究了量子或热涨落对相互作用的影响，并强调了它们是如何引起不同类型的粘性的，即量子和黑体摩擦。为此，我们开发了一个自洽的非马尔可夫描述，包含后者作为特殊情况。特别是，我们展示了非平衡动力学，辐射的量子和热性质之间的相互作用，以及光在真空-材料界面的限制是负责几个有趣和有趣的功能。我们的分析是相关的非接触摩擦和由此产生的电磁粘度的未来实验测试。
英文摘要：
We investigate the nonconservative open-system dynamics of an atom in a generic complex structured electromagnetic environment at temperature $T$. In such systems, when the atom moves along a translation-invariant axis of the environment, a frictional force acts on the particle. The effective viscosity due to friction results from the nonequilibrium interaction with the fluctuating (quantum) electromagnetic field, which effectively sets a privileged reference frame. We study the impact of both quantum or thermal fluctuations on the interaction and highlight how they induce qualitatively different types of viscosity, i.e. quantum and black-body friction. To this end, we develop a self-consistent non-Markovian description that contains the latter as special cases. In particular, we show how the interplay between the nonequilibrium dynamics, the quantum and the thermal properties of the radiation, as well as the confinement of light at the vacuum-material interface is responsible for several interesting and intriguing features. Our analyses is relevant for a future experimental test of noncontact friction and the resulting electromagnetic viscosity.
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