真空中滑动粒子上量子摩擦的可探测特征
Detectable Signature of Quantum Friction on a Sliding Particle in Vacuum
摘要：
在真空中作相对运动的空间分离物体会受到一种微小的摩擦力，称为量子摩擦。这种力由于其幅度小、作用距离短，迄今为止还没有被实验检测到。定量的细节揭示的痕迹的量子摩擦的量子相干性的粒子的退化。环境引起的粒子在介质片上滑动的退相干可以分解为不同特征的贡献：一个仅由存在电介质的电磁真空引起，另一个由运动引起。由于几何相位已被证明是一个富有成效的研究场所，以推断量子系统的功能，在这里，我们建议使用由粒子获得的累积几何相位作为量子摩擦传感器。此外，一个创新的实验，旨在通过测量的几何相位和相干性的修正的速度依赖性跟踪量子摩擦的痕迹。实验上可行的方案可以激发新的乐观的非接触摩擦检测，希望这种非平衡现象可以很容易地测量很快。
英文摘要：
Spatially separated bodies in relative motion through vacuum experience a tiny friction force known as quantum friction. This force has so far eluded experimental detection due to its small magnitude and short range. Quantitative details revealing traces of the quantum friction in the degradation of the quantum coherence of a particle are presented. Environmentally induced decoherence for a particle sliding over a dielectric sheet can be decomposed into contributions of different signatures: one solely induced by the electromagnetic vacuum in presence of the dielectric and another induced by motion. As the geometric phase has been proved to be a fruitful venue of investigation to infer features of the quantum systems, herein we propose to use the accumulated geometric phase acquired by a particle as a quantum friction sensor. Furthermore, an innovative experiment designed to track traces of quantum friction by measuring the velocity dependence of corrections to the geometric phase and coherence is proposed. The experimentally viable scheme presented can spark renewed optimism for the detection of non-contact friction, with the hope that this non-equilibrium phenomenon can be readily measured soon.
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